Morgan only Churchill

All right. I'm just recording. All right. All right. If you see the blue squiggles, you're good. It's recording. It does not mean stop. Yes. All right. All right. I am I'm getting in getting into the mindset. Chocolate, chocolate. Welcome to ill-equipped history, where two very ill-equipped women think they have the right to talk about history. We're going to we're doing it anyway. I'm Morgan here with my lovely co-host Emily. So I don't really have anything to open up with. So why don't we just go ahead and get started? All right. She does not know what we're talking about today. It's a surprise. I'm very excited. Right. The year is 1941. The Germans are holding Bastogne in Norway. There is an incoming force of allied forces coming in on war boats. Aha. The allies will face the wrath of our machine guns. Germany will win this war. Is that are those bagpipes? Well, playing bagpipes. He's carrying a sword. I surrender. Exactly. He's bringing a sword to a gunfight. This guy has to be crazy. I did not want to be on the receiving end of. Oh, shit. All right. That was our intro to who we're going to be talking about today. All right. So if you have not guessed already, listener, today we are talking about Jack Churchill, also known as Fighting Jack Churchill or Mad Jack. So. He has definitely become Internet famous. He is not related to Winston Churchill, who was the British prime minister in World War Two. But that does come back later. That does come up later. But he is not related. So most of the sources. Give me one second. Sorry. Sorry, Jack was crying. So most of the sources I found really repeated the same few facts over and over again. There wasn't a lot of like deeper detail that I could find. But I found a written account from one of Jack's best friends. His name is Rex King Clark. And they actually they grew up together. They fought together in World War Two and they remained friends throughout the rest of their lives. And so this provided a lot of really great detail that I was really missing that I could not find elsewhere on the Internet. It was very short. It was only like 25 pages. So I hesitate to call it a book. But it was just a written account of him going into a little bit more detail. And actually I have what it's called. Give me one second. I'm maneuvering a lot of stuff on my computer. It's called Jack Churchill Unlimited Boldness by Rex King Clark. And he was unlimited boldness. So. And a long bow. We'll get into. So, OK. So he was born John Malcolm Thorpe Fleming Churchill, November 16th. I know. November 16th, 1908 to Alec and Eleanor Churchill in British Ceylon, which is modern day Sri Lanka. After he was born, his family moved to Surrey, England, where his brother Thomas was born. His father was an engineer and got a new job in Hong Kong. So they moved there where his youngest brother, Robert, was born. And then the family moved back to England in 1917. I couldn't find dates with all these moves and most of the sources didn't even mention Hong Kong. So he's about nine when they moved back to England. So his family had a long history of military service. I'm not going to get into because like basically every man in his family has fought in the military at some point. And both of his brothers also fought in World War Two. Unfortunately, Robert was killed in action. He was in the Royal Air Force. Yeah, but his brother Thomas did survive World War Two. So Jack graduated from the Royal Military College Sandhurst in 1926. After he graduated, he served with the Manchester Regiment in Burma, which is modern day Myanmar. He served in the 1930 to 1932 rebellion in Burma. For his service in this rebellion, he received the Indian General Service Medal with a Burma clasp. So he's starting to rake in his awards and recognitions. While in Burma, he took up motorcycling. One day, he decided to ride from Rangoon to Calcutta, where his battalion was stationed. And that was about a 1,500 mile trip, which most likely had never been done on motorcycle before. He hit a water buffalo. A water buffalo ran in front of him all of a sudden and he hit it on his motorcycle. He eventually made it to Calcutta. Yeah, I didn't know. I couldn't find out how bad the damage was. Like, this is a little frustrating because there are things I wanted to know more about that I could not find more information on. It was just like high points, high points, high points. Rex's story, like his written account, gave the most detail I could find. And even that was only 25 pages of this man's life, which was not enough in my opinion. We're just getting started. We're on one paragraph of five pages of notes. Okay, so he hits a water buffalo, but he's fine. Also, while in Burma, he learned to play the bagpipe. There is a regiment there called the Cameron Highlanders, and they're from Scotland. And they played the war bagpipe. So he learned how to play war bagpipes. And I just have to say, so I don't know how many of you have heard like bagpipes in person, but I got the privilege to hear them live when I went to Grandfather Mountain a few years ago to help out with all that stuff up there. It enters your bones. Yeah. I can definitely understand like how a bagpipe can motivate you to fight in a war for sure. I was like, oh yeah, for sure. Like it's so, it's a totally unreal experience. So when he was 29, he ended up retiring from military service in 1936. So apparently, Rex said that he would wake up officers by playing the bagpipes at 3 a.m. And this is what he did. He played the bagpipes at 3 a.m. And he played the bagpipes at 3 a.m. And he played the bagpipes at 3 a.m. And he played the bagpipes at 3 a.m. And then when taking an exam for a promotion, he studied the wrong materials and he didn't get his promotion. And basically by this point, his superiors were like, get the fuck out. So he retired. Yeah. So. Yep. Yep. Yep. So he moved to Nairobi, Kenya and was a newspaper editor. He also modeled and acted in a few movies. Yeah. In October 1936 and to January 1937, Jackson, Rex, Jack and Rex toured Europe. I guess in a car. Rex wrote that they got up to a lot of shenanigans, all of which were Jack's fault. Unfortunately, he did not go into more detail about what these shenanigans were. He said some were hilarious and some were terrifying. I really want to know what happened, but he did not write about it. Yeah. He also had a mustache. It was not. It was not big and luscious like your friend Felix in the last episode. Yeah, it was not big and luscious like his. He had a thin blonde mustache. Yeah. So he in 1938, he won second place in a military bagpiping competition. And Rex said this is ironic because he was an Englishman and he had beat a bunch of Scottish men at bagpiping. He also took up. He also took up archery and was really good at it. He represented Great Britain at the 1939 European archery competition in Oslo. Yeah. Yeah. Rex wrote that Jack got back to England from the archery competition only just in time to follow his true vocation, war. So. Because Jack was good at war, so he really was. So in September 1939, Jack and Rex served in the British Expeditionary Forces, or the BEF, and the Manchester Regiment. Initially, they were digging trenches on the Belgium-French front. Jack eventually joined the Commandos, which were the predecessor to the British Special Forces. In December 1939, Jack became second in command in D Company and went to the Maginot Line, which is a big front in World War Two. After this, he volunteered to help the Finns against Russian invaders. He also learned to ski during this time. Yeah. Because he was like in Finland, like against the, like trying to prevent Russians from invading in the snow. And the Finnish soldiers were like expert skiers and used ski in military combat. So he learned to ski from the Finnish soldiers while he was volunteering over there. I have no idea. I hope he did. I really hope he did. Unfortunately, skiing does not... Yeah, with his bow and the bagpipes and his sword. So he always, I think I talked about it later, but he always had the broadsword at his side. Never went anywhere without it. So Jack ended up coming back to Belgium, just as the Germans invaded Belgium. Rex called him a man possessed. This is quote, possessed, sustained almost to addiction by the adrenaline of war, end quote. He really liked war. So the way that Jack operated was he preferred to have like small groups. He called about maybe six other men. And he called those men halfbacks. I don't know why. But he would, he and his halfbacks would lead the charge or they would like almost be like a, like a, like a undercover, like covert group. Not really undercover, but covert groups like sneak into enemy territory and like fuck shit up. Without like a huge regiment behind them. This didn't always work because sometimes you need a big regiment to like hold an area, which you can't do with six men. So when he did have larger forces, he and his halfbacks would lead the charge way ahead of other soldiers. Like they basically be by themselves anyway. And Jack was always wielding his broadsword. He always had it on him. And he said to Rex, quote, any man who goes into battle without his sword is improperly dressed, end quote. So whenever, wherever he went, he had his broadsword, his longbow, and his bagpipes. You know, it was never without all three. So in 1940, he led his regiment in a retreat from the River Dial back to Dunkirk, which is another big site of World War II. During the retreat, he and his men held a village, I think it's Le Penet in France. It's a very small village. So they're holding this village against enemy attacks. He climbed, at one point he climbed a granary, which is like a tiny little like barn. And he shot a German soldier with his longbow in the chest. And he ended up earning a military cross for his actions in Dunkirk and Le Penet. And he actually had the record for the last, like, bow and arrow killing in World War II. And a lot of people are like, wait, does that guy have a bow and arrow? Because, I mean. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. That comes back later. Much later, but it comes back. Okay, so Rex had this anecdote in his written account, and I really wanted to share it. So I'm reading, this is from his written account. Quote, soon after the action at Le Penet, the news of which had not yet reached me, I was sitting, chatting to a gunner officer outside a small roadside, a stain of stamina with the remnants of my company around me, when a small moto-bicyclet came puttering towards us along the road, running through the flat, deserted Flanders fields. It was still some distance away when I recognized, in the sunlight of that spring of glorious weather, the pale hair and fierce mustache of the rider. I walked onto the dusty road, waving my arms. The bike stopped just short of me. Jack, I shouted. He grinned back, the creases in his face accentuated by grime. Ah, hello, Clark, thought anything to drink? And he pulled the bike up onto its stand and joined us at the table, his strong hands, dark with dust, relaxing into his lap. I looked over to the bike. His long bow was tied along the frame. In one rear-wheel pannier, I could see the rim of his steel helmet. From the other protruded the shafts and feathered flights of several arrows. Over the headlamp hung a German officer's cap, a relic, told us, of his action at Le Penet. While he was talking, I noticed there was dry blood on the lobe of his left ear and on his neck. What's that? I asked. And he recounted how, earlier that day, when an enemy machine gun had begun to fire bursts down the village street, he was walking across. His men, behind a wall on the far side, had yelled at him, Run! But I couldn't, he said. I was too tired. And a bullet had nicked his ear. He was too tired to run, while Germans were firing a machine gun at him. He got nicked in the ear. So, I know, this man, like, it's wild. So, in 1941, he was stationed in Norway, which was where we opened our skips. He was second in command of a commando for Operation Archery, which was a raid on German forces there. As the boats were coming to shore and men were engaging in battle, he would use his bagpipes before throwing a grenade, taking out his swords, and entering battle himself. He earned a military cross for this. I know. He is the most chaotic person. So, when celebrating after the battle, he had gotten into German stores of alcohol there. I think he was holding a bottle of wine or something. And a random charge exploded. And the glass from the bottle, like, cut his forehead. So, he was sent back to England to recuperate. But apparently, his wound healed too fast for his liking. So, he used his wife's lipstick to, like, touch up his wound. I don't think it was that. I don't think it was that. He wanted to be like, oh, look at me, the brave hero getting injured in battle. No, he did not want to stop fighting. He loved war. Yeah, he also got married in 1941 to Rosamund Denny. They eventually had two children together. You know what? She matches his energy a little bit. And I'll get into it at the end. Yes. Right, exactly. That is a very funny choice of words. Because I'll just go and say this now. Later in life, he liked to sail steamships. But his wife would, like, command the helm. And, like, give him orders. She basically captained the ship. And he was the engineer and the stoker for the steam engine. And she, like... Yep. Yep. She would, like, tell him, like, you have to drive on the right side of the river. So you don't hit other boats. Exactly. Anyway. So, yeah. Match made in heaven. So, in 1943, he was stationed in Salermo, Italy. This was a big one. He called out a mission to capture a German station outside of Molina in Operation Avalanche. So, he had this strategy where he would line up his men in six columns. And they attacked Germans in the middle of the night while yelling, commando, so they wouldn't get shot by their allies. But it was just, like, going, commando! Commando! So, he... So, after this, he and one corporal... So, just two men. He and a corporal snuck up on a pair of German soldiers outside of Pigoletti, which is a small village, and used them as human shields to enter the German camp there. And Jack had his sword drawn. He and his corporal took 42 prisoners and captured a mortar group. He had all of the prisoners walk back with their weapons, sans ammo, obviously. All the ammo is in, like, a bag. Back to camp, fed them, and then piled them all into a POW cage with other prisoners. So, there was, like, over 100 prisoners. They had one other man. German prisoners. And he didn't lose a single prisoner. He didn't lose a single prisoner. So, he earned a distinguished service order, but Rex wrote that he thinks that he should have earned a Victoria Cross, which is the most prestigious military award that you can get in the British military. So, while doing this, he was engaged in hand-to-hand combat, obviously, with the German soldiers there. And he ended up losing his sword. So, he went back up to get his sword. And while he was walking back down to the town, he ran into an American troop that, like, had gotten lost. And they were heading towards enemy lines. And he told them, hey, you're heading towards enemy lines. And the NCO was like, we're not going to listen to you. And he said that he would not return for, quote, a bloody third time. So, he was like, just go on. I'm not coming back. I'm not coming back. Yeah, basically. You know, you had to walk back to get a sword. So, in 1944, Jack was stationed in Yugoslavia and leading the 40th and 43rd Commandos and the Partisans. And the Partisans were a Yugoslavian anti-fascist resistance. So, they were paired up. So, the Partisans left the initial assault because of artillery. Jack tried his best. He led his commandos by playing his bagpipes. But the gunfire was too much. And they ended up retreating until the next morning. So, the next morning, Jack led the 40th Commando in a flanked attack to take back the island of Brac. It was a very strategic island that the Germans had occupied. So, only Jack and six other men made it to their objective. The rest of the commandos were killed or injured. And as the Germans advanced, he was the last one standing. Everyone else was either injured or killed. While the Germans were advancing, he was just playing his bagpipes. He was knocked unconscious by grenades. Not killed, just knocked out by grenades. Not even injured a little bit. And he was taken captive by the soldiers. So, when he was captured, he actually wrote a letter to one of his captors named Hauptmann Hans Thörner. And this letter eventually saved Thörner's life when he was captured by Yugoslavian forces. The letter is basically like, hey man, when this is all over, you should totally come visit me at my house and we can grab dinner together and you can eat my wife. I don't know if I have the actual letter in front of me, but that's the gist of what it said. So, one of his captors. Yeah. So, sadly, his longbow, his sword, and his bagpipes were confiscated when he was captured. I know. I know. And the German intelligence thought he was a relative of Winston Churchill. So, they sent him to Berlin to be interrogated. And he was transferred to Fauschenhausen, which was a POW concentration camp. And it was reserved, like he was put in an area for notable captors or captives, some of which were relatives or suspected relatives of Winston Churchill. There's also a former prime minister was there. There's a few political enemies there, too. So, in September of 1944, Jack and four other POWs escaped through a tunnel they dug from this concentration camp. But, sadly, he and one of the officers were caught. So, he was sent back to the concentration camp. And in April 1945, he was sent to Niederdorf concentration camp in Austria. So, on April 20th, which I think that was, like, the last day of, like, World War II in Europe, because I think that was the day that Hitler killed himself, April 20th, 1945. He was working outside with a work group. And the floodlights malfunctioned. And Jack just walked away. He walked for 93 miles. Crossed... He fucked... Fucked off. He survived on soup he made from, like, greens he found in the wilderness. He walked for 90... He walked for 8 days. He walked 93 miles in 8 days. Crossed the Alps, which is the mountain range in Europe, by himself. Because he was going to Italy. But he ended up... And he had a sprained ankle. He eventually... Yeah. He eventually ran into an American procession coming through, like, an armed procession coming through. And he caught up to, like, one of the last vehicles in this procession, which was a tank. And he had to persuade the American soldiers, like, hey, I'm actually a British officer, and I just escaped the concentration camp. And he was rescued. So, at this time, the war in Europe had ended. Germany had surrendered. I think Italy surrendered. So, after recuperating, there was still the Pacific Theater going on. So, Jack was sent to Burma to help with the theater over there. But while he was going over there, the Americans bombed Japan. And then they surrendered. And Jack was pissed about this. He told Rex, quote, if it wasn't for those damn Yanks, we could have kept the war going another 10 years. This man loved war, okay? Yeah. Yeah, me too. Yeah, he really liked it. So, he did stay in military service after the war. So, at this time, there was a lot of tension in Palestine between the Jewish and Arab peoples. And the British was getting its messy fingers all in there. And so, he went over to help with the Jewish. I guess at that time, Britain and Jerusalem, the Jewish people there had kind of allied a bit. They were there to help them out. So, Jack was sent to Palestine, and he was a parachutist over there, because naturally. So, this is mostly from Rex's account of events. There's some, not contradictions, but some differences in different sources I found. But because this was Rex, and he knew Jack personally, and I am taking his account, I'm going to assume it is. So, Jack and his squadron were in a military parade in Jerusalem. And this wasn't far away from a medical convoy that was traveling to a place called Hadassah Hospital. So, the convoy came under attack by Arab forces. Jack was notified of the ambush and left to go to the scene. He called for reinforcements, but was denied, because apparently the next day, the British were ending this weird agreement that they had. And his commanding officer was like, no, we don't want to get involved. If you do get involved, just don't fire any of their weapons. So, he did request some armored vehicles with guns. And they were like, yeah, you can have those, but it's going to take some time to get there. Meanwhile, this medical convoy is under attack. And he wanted to rescue people that were under fire. So, he got 12 men to go with him, and they all went to where this battle is happening. When he got to the target area, Jack walked out of his vehicle in full Scottish military regalia, like the kilts, the sash, everything. A walking stick, and was grinning from ear to ear. And he guessed that the Arabs were so stumped. Like, no one shot at him. He was just walking in the middle of this active battle, and he did not get shot once. Because they were just like, okay. Like, what you said earlier, kind of faking it until you make it. And just stumped people, like, what the hell is this? That's literally what he did. And it worked. Basically. One of his nicknames was Mad Jack. Like, people are like, he's crazy. So, he ended up going to the convoy, and he was like, hey, I'm here to rescue you guys, like, come with me. And they're like, no, we want to wait for, they're called the Haganah, and they're the Jewish army. Like, no, we want to wait for the Haganah to come help us. He went to every single car in this convoy, and was like, let me help you, let me rescue you. And all of them said no. So, eventually, like, one of his own soldiers ended up getting shot. And he was like, all right, I offered to help, you guys declined, so I'm getting out of here. There's 110 people in the convoy. 77 died. And 25 people were injured. Only eight people got out of there without any injury. So, and this is known as the Hadassah Massacre. So, at the end of April, there was more fighting, more escalation, and the Hadassah Hospital and University Center were in danger. So, Jack was tasked with coordinating an evacuation effort. He used four convoys to evacuate 200 patients, 100 students and residents, and 300 staff, and 600 tons of equipment and supplies. Not a single shot was fired during this entire evacuation. So, he saved 700 people and 600 tons of medical supplies. And his superiors were pissed off because he did too much. Yeah. Yeah. Like, he saved 700 lives. No one was shot at, no casualties whatsoever. He even saved their medical supplies. And they're like, ah, you went a little overboard on this one. So, Jerusalem never forgot what he did on that day. And there's even a street named after him leading up to the hospital. And in 1977, Jewish reporters came and interviewed him. But the event was never really acknowledged by the British government. Yeah. So, he acted in another movie in 1952. And really, like, what his roles were, he used his archery skills. Like, in two of the movies, he was hired as an archer in the movie. So, they weren't, like, leading roles. But he did act in movies. Oh, gosh. One of them they did, the 1952 one, because one of his friends starred in the movie, but I didn't write it down. But it was, like, one of his old rowing friends in college. And I don't remember what it's called. I didn't write it down. So, after this, he ended up moving to Australia. And he taught land-to-air combat. And he ended up taking up surfing, which he was really good at. So, he lived there for a while. And he returned to Great Britain. And he got to the River Severn, which is the longest river in Great Britain. He rode what's called a tidal bore wave. And it's basically just a long, continuous wave. He rode it for over a mile. He surfed on this wave for over a mile in a river. And he actually revolutionized, like, freshwater surfing. And he made his own surfboards. Probably. Like, people are like, wow, like, freshwater surfing can be a thing. It doesn't just have to be saltwater surfing. Like, you can surf anywhere. Granted, like, his wave was not made by a boat. It was a natural phenomenon. It's like a, yeah, over a mile. And he was the first person to do that. I have another thing that's going to just tickle you. So, he retired in 1956. And he moved back home to England. So, he rode the train back and forth to and from work. And he liked messing with people. This was not apparent already. So, something that he would do is that on his way back home on the train, he would throw his suitcase out the window to, like, scare the passengers. What he was actually doing is they were passing by his house, and he would throw the suitcase in his backyard so he wouldn't have to carry it from the station. He did it multiple times. He did it. He's like, I don't feel like carrying this briefcase home. I'm just going to yeet it out. So, some hobbies that he took up after he retired, he enjoyed making radio-controlled ships, like little mini ships, specifically warships. And he also loved steamboats. Like I said, he owned several steamboats, which, according to Rex, were all pristine. And while sailing, Jack was the engineer and the stoker, while his wife, Rosamund, took the helm and basically captained the ship. Yep, and he lived a pretty quiet life. I couldn't find anything after this. He was pretty quiet. And he died March 8, 1996, when he was 89 years old. So, the Explorers Club and the Explorers Club, So, the Explorers Club named him as one of the greatest explorers of all time. And Rex, he commented, this isn't an exact quote, this is a paraphrase, but basically, Jack was just like so eager to fight in war and was just ready to die any time, like, he was just like so gung-ho about war. And he never, like, was even injured. Like, he was, yeah, exactly. Like, it's just, like, ironic. Like, he, like, dove face first into battle. Like, he literally had a longbow and a sword when there were artillery and machine guns. And he, not killed, not, he didn't lose a limb. He didn't get, like, cut up with shrapnel from what I could find. And there, I saw a picture, like, after he was captured. And, like, he had on, like, a borrowed helmet because his got crushed. So, he had on, like, another soldier's helmet that had died. And then, like, soldiers, like, Germans had given him, like, a jacket from another one of his fallen comrades because he was cold. And he just had, like, a blood stain on his arm from probably one of his friends. But he had no injuries. Yeah. Like, bye. He survived off soup from, like, wild vegetables that he found. Like, he had, like, a little tin can. And he would find water, make a fire, like, find water in his little tin can, make a fire, like, boil, like, roots and stuff in the little can. That's what he lived off for eight days. Walking with a sprained ankle through the Alps. I knew you. Yeah. By himself. And he did 93 miles in eight days. He was fully intending to walk the 150 miles to Italy. He was gonna do it, but he ended up seeing the, he would have, 100%. Yeah, he just so happened to find the American convoy before he made it to Italy and was able to catch him in time so they could give him a ride back. But they didn't even believe him. He had, like, I think in Rex's writings, like, he had to do, like, the Sandhurst salute or something for them to be like, okay, like, this guy is a legit British captain or so. So I was reading the Wikipedia article, and this was in his, like, section on Wikipedia, but I didn't see this in any other accounts. But apparently, like, at that concentration camp, it was guarded by SS. And the prisoners there were really worried that the SS was going to kill them. So some British, or not British, some German troops, like, came in and, like, were like, hey, like, don't kill our prisoners. And then the SS left. And then the German army there was like, you guys can just go. And just, like, let all the prisoners go. This is from Wikipedia, so I don't know how accurate that is, but that was the only thing I ever saw about that. And I assume German army was different than SS troops. I don't know a whole lot about, like, I know a little bit about, like, Nazi Germany. But I just thought that they're like, you guys can just leave. And it was, like, 120 prisoners, or 140 prisoners or something. They're just like, you guys can just go. So that's the story of Jack Churchill. He lived a very full, long life, living his best life. He did everything that he wanted to do, that he was good at. Modeling, editing, archery, bagpiping, sword fighting, movies, surfing, building ships and sailing ships, and just being an overall badass. Yeah. Just fucked off. So, I hope you liked it. Yeah, just manifest Jack Churchill. Fighting Jack Churchill. Fight like Jack fought. Fight like Jack fought. Maybe not. If you cannot find a broadsword, try pipes, bagpipes, war bagpipes. Sure, that's fine. Yeah, that's fine. But you gotta play bagpipes while doing it. I didn't see anything. It was confiscated by Germans, or probably not. They probably, like, melted it down for cash or something. Who knows? It was a fucking Nazi. That's what I was thinking. No. You predicted, like, half of my episode. That was on purpose. No. Our brains literally... Yeah. We pass it back and forth. Mm-hmm. No. I... Yeah, I think our friend had it most of the time, because she is the best of either of us. You know who you are, and we love you so much. Slap in your arms. No, don't do it. Drink. I think I had to finish your drink for you, because you were so drunk that you were like, I don't think I can drink it. And I was like, all right. That fancy place. Yes. Mm-hmm. Yep. As soon as he sat down, he was like, oh, gosh, what is this, like, a Scottish brogue or something? Oh, here comes trouble. I can't do a Scottish brogue. This is why we can't do accents, y'all. All right. We actually, we practiced before we started recording this episode at the very beginning. We tried, like, practicing a German accent. It did not go very well. Yep, yep. We're not very good at it. We're not very good at it. Yep, yep. We're not breaking outside of this. Sorry. If you want to pay us for acting lessons, like, learn some new accents, we'll do it. But until then, this is what you get. All right. We are ill-equipped, if you may say. All right. So, check out our Instagram at illequippedhistory. No spaces, no dashes, all lowercase. And we also have an email. Email any suggestions or helpful comments you have at illequippedhistory at gmail.com. No spaces, no dashes. And we hope you keep listening to our fun history tales. I can't wait. Okay. Bye.