PROGRAMA N°21 Inmigrantes I ESTRATEGIA SOCIAL 89 3 DIVERSIDAD FM

The transcription is about the topic of migration in Uruguay. It discusses the history of migrations in Uruguay and how it has shaped the cultural heritage of the country. It mentions various waves of immigration from different parts of the world, such as Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. The transcription also highlights the role of the state in facilitating immigration and the impact of immigration on the development of the country. It emphasizes the diversity and richness of cultures in Uruguay as a result of migration. Welcome, friends, how are you? We are starting another edition of this, which is Social Strategy here on air, of 89.3 Diversidad FM. Today we have a really nice topic for us, because it deals with the history of migrations in Uruguay. That's going to be the topic, right? Our partner, our social manager, is going to tell us about the topic, which is called Migration Stories in Uruguay. Good morning, José Luis, good morning, audience. It's a pleasure to be here, sharing a new program, and as you said, the story of migrations in Uruguay, which represents all that baggage of culture, the cultural heritage that migrants have brought in the last century, and that this is part of a compendium, something that history has reaffirmed, and well, here we bring it to the program. It's a program that, as you said, is a little bit more than a program, it's a program that wants to get to the roots of what happened in the previous program, where we talked about the indigenous people, and well, we said with Ismael that they were migrants, that is, the people who came to our country, and well, as happened with the Indians in the previous program, that the settlers came here to Uruguay, and well, we were talking about that. So, from that topic, the idea of talking about migrants came up, that is, how Uruguay treats people who come from other places, from all over the world, right? Yes, from all over the world, in other moments of history, when the country was formed, and previously, in the colonial era, mainly in Europe, but later, with time, they were colonies of immigrants from other parts of the world, from the Middle East, even from Asia, like the Russians and the Japanese, that today, here in Uruguay, we have colonies of collectivities from that part of the world, so it has been, and of course, in these last times, we have also received representatives from Latin America, like Cubans, Venezuelans, Peruvians, Bolivians, not Bolivians, but Peruvians, the same Argentines who are settling here, that is, we are a crystal of cultures, and to that, we go with the program, analyze, get some information, and well, we will have it in the program's email. Before we forget and continue with the program, I want you to tell the lines, Ismael, the communication lines, because remember that we are giving away a box of chocolates and a deodorant for men or for ladies, a set, right, Ismael? Yes, and also to communicate and transfer your concerns, the listeners, to 098283142, text message, by WhatsApp, it can be, it can be an audio, that is more than 40 seconds, and well, you can talk about the subject as well, about this subject and others, but well, to the effects of the draw, send the personal data, name, the last four digits of the cedula, and the place where you are tuning in, be it the city, the department, the country, or the world, because we are on the internet, on www.diversidadfm.com, those are the ways to communicate through the virtual space. Of course, Ismael, there you have the lines, well, if you want to win a box of chocolates, I want the chocolates or a deodorant, be it for ladies or gentlemen, you really have the option to choose, I go for the chocolates or I go, as we have been saying, in previous programs, for having been here for three months, I know that we are here in the air of 089.3, that was like a gift for you, who are an audience, that somehow, it has been four months that we are in the air, and well, we have been here for three months, and we decided, with Ismael's intention, of our production, that is, to give away these prizes, which may not be so important, but somehow, for us, it is more or less to give away that little gift, which will come later, with time, there will be other gifts, but this is as a gift of trust, which has been deposited in us, and we see it in the streets, we see it in all the places we go, we listen to it, we listen to it, and well, it is a cultural program, for those who do not know, who are just getting hooked, it is made only for you, you, as I always say, the audience, is the one that somehow gives this the guideline to move forward, because without the audience, and without you, we are nothing, because this is radio, this is communication, for us, the most beautiful thing on earth, because we love what we do, and we do it with all the vocation. Yes, and we emphasize that we are the communicators, that beyond what we do here, in this station, you, the citizens, the listeners, the ordinary people, are the ones who propose and dispose, and are the owners of the information. What is said here is because we get together, we have this conviction of radio, and this vocation to do things for everyone, but well, without a doubt, we, society, are the representatives of this, which is culture, and we are all those who somehow integrate the cultural heritage, and well, some of us had a little bit of the courage to go out to the microphones, and that is why we invite everyone to have this opportunity to get to know each other and to communicate. Of course, yes, don't be afraid anymore, if the audio lasts more than 40 seconds, it doesn't matter, the important thing is that you participate, give the possibility to the audience to communicate, to think, that is, we always think that someone is listening to us, that is, well, to be encouraged to call, to call, that is, it is a program, as we always say, a spontaneous program, as Ismael said, the information is taken out, well, it is sought, it is public information, that is, everything is based on that, and well, in some way it is about not solving all the problems for people, as we have raised with Ismael, but in some way helping or being the social manager, Ismael can explain it better. Yes, and so raising such general and universal issues as we are doing, also pointing out those issues and personal and collective issues that occur in our communities. We have already talked about it before, with the issue of health, with the issue of dogs, with the issue of traffic, that is, with the issue of problems that are on the other side of the door, with the issue of neighbors, also sanitation, or the same traffic on the street, issues that affect our coexistence and our daily life as a collective. So, well, I think it is important to highlight that, but well, time is running out and we will have to take steps now to the podcast and all this information, which I think we will have to do in two programs, well, in fact, they will be two programs, because we have interviews with people who are descendants of immigrants, so well, it will be very exciting, this really, I say it with pride, we say it, it will transmit information that is not talked about here in Durazno, and we will highlight what the migrants have been in Durazno. Well, nothing more to say, then, last, before starting, repeat the lines, because people tell me to repeat the lines because sometimes we do not do it for obvious reasons of time. 098283142, text message and audio, already put in contact through that line. And remember, the box of sweets and the deodorant is the gift of social strategy, which begins in this way, this Friday morning, here in the air, 89.3, with the voice of our social manager, who presents the podcast, and how do you say? Forward! 098283142, text message and audio, already put in contact through that line. Throughout the 20th century, and the current one, the official and generally accepted discourse made groups invisible that in one way or another existed in society and that had been participants in the processes that took place in the formation of the country. It is an increasingly less frequent mistake to consider that Uruguayan society is homogeneous and exclusively of European origin. Chronology, origins and reasons for migrations in these latitudes. Throughout the history of the human being, mobility has been a factor of development and a constructive element of identities. Prior to the existence of countries with defined borders, humans moved from one region to another in search of conditions that would allow them a better life and the preservation of the group or of the same species. Migrations for many societies are closely related to their historical future and the construction of their worldview of the world. Countless migratory waves meant, for various reasons, a profound change both in the place of destination and in the societies that left behind. The arrival of the Europeans to the Rio de la Plata meant a before and after in the history of numerous countries and millions of involved. In the period where the largest number of arrivos was given, from the middle of the 19th century and towards the first half of the 20th century, Uruguay looked like a remote but promising destination. Although at first it implied a journey in very difficult conditions and that could be prolonged up to three months, with the consequent risk of contracting deadly diseases or suffering multiple setbacks. Society as a whole had been strengthening certain ideas of modernity and incorporating the precepts of democratic life, while presenting concrete possibilities of social promotion. Capitalist evolution, simultaneously with the advances of the media, brought the country closer to global markets and population growth was a trigger for the development of the industry and a rising local economy, which allowed the desire for progress and prosperity to spread quickly among the inhabitants. The export of wool and meat consolidated a net model of export, while the dairy industry and the dairy basin developed in the south of the country. Expansion made it necessary to have food, drinks and clothing, but mainly labor, and in this way the cities became fertile land for the arrival of new immigrants. The state played a transcendental role for the arrival of immigrants from Europe and that had as destination the creation of colonies within the country. At the governmental level there were from early date laws aimed at stimulating the arrival of certain groups in dismay of others, the installation of Europeans was prioritized from the state, and the arrival of Africans and Asians was tried to avoid. There was a detailed legal corpus with rules that established the conditions on which it was possible to obtain residence in our country. In Uruguay there are descendants of immigrants from all over the Spanish territory. The first waves had to do with the establishment of the colony and, once established, individuals continued to arrive in search of economic prosperity during the period that extended from 1580 to 1830. From Castile, Asturias and Islas Canarias the first ships arrived in order to populate the countryside. Poverty, majority, Carlist wars and the search for new horizons added to the reasons of the Spanish exodus. From 1880 this immigration resumed and new contingents arrived from Galicia, Valencia, Basque Country and Catalonia. Like the Basques, the Galicians were very numerous and the establishment of very strong community institutions is part of a legacy that remains to this day. As the last wave, there are the Spanish Republicans who arrived to live their exile from the Franco dictatorship. Throughout the 19th century the struggles for Italian unity and its consequences shook the peninsula, causing the departure of a very important number of Italians with a destination to America. When the unification finally arrived, from 1860, an important stream of Italians, farmers, peasants, settled on the outskirts of Montevideo and Paysandú. The flow of Italians was very important in the following decades and gained a new momentum with the beginning of the new century. Many were employed as workers, blacksmiths, connoisseurs of trades linked to construction and architecture. Those who arrived in our country to stay were mainly Piedmontese, Genoese, Venetians, Calabrians, Sicilians and Neapolitans. On the other hand, the bulk of the French immigrants who entered in the decades of 1830, 1840 and 1850, came from the Basque French country and the region of Véarné, from small towns like Oloronsaint-et-Marie and Pau. They constituted the majority group of immigration received by Uruguay in that period. It is estimated that up to 10% of the current population of Uruguay has some ancestor of that origin. In the second half of the 19th century the population increased considerably thanks to the intense migratory flow, visibly expanded with the appearance of new immigrants. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire changed the geopolitical map of a vast area, forcing the exodus of millions of people. It was thus that Lebanese, Syrians and Greeks arrived in the Río de la Plata in the last decades of the 19th century and early 20th century. Since the early 1900s there are immigrants of Armenian origin in the country, increasing from 1915, as a result of the genocide suffered by the Turks. In large numbers they came from the region of Cilicia in the Mediterranean Sea. The largest capacity of Greek immigrants who arrived in Uruguay dates back to the late 1800s and early 1900s. The first wave came from Andros, Chios, Calimnos and Asia Minor and basically settled in Montevideo. Then families from regions such as Samos, Lesbos and Limnos joined. The customs of Montevideo and Villa del Cerro were the neighborhoods in which they settled. The Russians who founded San Javier in 1913 arrived from the Caucasus region, had left Russia for religious reasons and following the spiritual leader of their community, while those of Colonia Opir, founded in 1966, came from China, although they were ethnically Russian. Their exile was motivated by the search for a place to profess their orthodox religion of the ancient rite. At this same time the Russian Revolution of 1917 broke out, therefore a large number of Poles, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, from Bolivia and Bukovina, Russians, Belarusians and Hungarians, as well as Lithuanians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Croats, from the regions of Dalmatia, Lika, Kordun, Slavonia and Zvijem. In the period between the First and Second World Wars, between 1925 and 1930, immigrants from the convulsed Europe continued to arrive. The Jews who arrived in Uruguay, mostly Ashkenazis, came mainly from Eastern and Central Europe, from countries like Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. With the end of the war they continued to arrive and by the 1960s it is estimated that the community had about 40,000 members who lived mainly in the capital and in some cities in the interior of the country. From 1928 about 10,000 Lithuanian immigrants arrived, among whom a small Jewish community is identified. The Sephardi Jews had arrived long before from places like Turkey, Greece, Lebanon and Syria, from cities like Esmirna, Aydin or Aleppo. Several were the departments that housed groups that settled to dedicate themselves to the development of agriculture and other rural tasks. This is the case of the Swiss, who arrived in Uruguay in the second half of the 19th century to escape the profound economic crisis that hit the Elbe nation, founding in 1862 an agricultural colony in the south of the country that they called New Elbecia. The Swiss settlers arrived in the colony in three stages. First it was made by 40 families who arrived in 1861, a year later it was 100 families and the third and last wave was registered between 1880 and 1883, led by civil and religious leaders Calvinists and Lutherans. A good number of Germans arrived to these lands in the middle of the 20th century, although some had done it at the end of the previous century, mainly technicians and merchants. In addition to settling in Montevideo, others settled in rural areas in departments like Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, Colonia and San José. A group founded in 1948 the Menonita Elombu colony, another the Gardental colony in 1951 and in 1955 a third founded the Taxi colony. The British have been present in these lands since the 18th century. Irish peasants from Kilranny settled in the departments of Río Negro and Paysandú, lands already then populated by Irish from Westmead and Longford. Also from the English invasions and the site of Montevideo there is testimony of Englishmen who remain in Uruguay, but it is from the independence that the English investments bring professionals and middle-class technicians to work in companies, banks, refrigerators, railways. The Japanese arrived to the country mainly as an individual type of migration of people from the rural environment. Some made a stop in Argentina or Brazil. They had as their origin the island of Okinawa. They began to arrive at the beginning of the 20th century and at the end of the Second World War, between 1950 and 1960. Other people of Asian origin also arrived, mainly Koreans and Chinese. It is not possible in all cases to establish exact dates for the arrival of the groups, except when there is documented evidence of that event. What is possible to define are the periods linked to the increase or decrease of the flow of immigrants of a particular origin and in the case of some nationalities that were already present with some members since the time of the colony. It was recently possible to determine the existence of a migratory current towards the end of the 19th century. The Oriental Being The Oriental Being arises from a combination of numerous groups, origins, traditions, origins and feelings. The Uruguayan identity has been consolidated with multiple particularities, but in each family tree there will always be a story to tell. The Oriental Being The Oriental Being The Oriental Being The Oriental Being The Oriental Being The Oriental Being The Oriental Being Picapirra offers you quinielas, 5 euros, food, chicken, drinks. In general, it is located in Calle Ancina, in front of Plaza Artigas. Remember that we have an extended schedule from 6.30 to 22 hours. Contact us through the phone 4132 7230. Picosco, Picapiedra, we are waiting for you with a pleasant and warm attention. The Green Space Now in Durazno, the company Green Spaces has arrived. Works are being carried out for state companies, cleaning and maintenance of land, parks, ponds and fruit trees. House migration, ponds, cabins for flies, mosquitoes and all kinds of insects. Football fields maintenance. It has a tractor. Affiliated with chains of chainsaws. With active routes. It is located in Tapurro 1040, Casi, Leandro Gómez or to the phones 4132 5302, 4132 5660 or to the cell phones 094-359-737 or 098-850-232. Green Space SEP, accompanying services in Durazno with coverage of services throughout the country. We accompany you in sanatorium or hospital with qualified and selected personnel. Our destinations are in Dr. Luis Alberto Rueda 921 or to the cell 095-630-100. SEP, accompanying services in Durazno. In Durazno we speak of San Pedro pharmacy. You are expected in lane 874 or to the phone 4132 2548, San Pedro pharmacy. San Pedro pharmacy. Almacen La Escuelita offers a variety of merchandise. We wait for you in your 775 wedding. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Almacen La Escuelita. Gran Romería. Gran Romería. Catalan festivals. San Jorge festivities. On April 23 coincides the day of the commemoration of San Jorge patron of Catalonia and the World Book Day UNESCO since 1995. Since then, red books and roses characterize the San Jordi festivities, which is also the song of lovers. This Catalan celebration in Montevideo coincides with the book fair and activities for children in Plaza Varela. We reiterate on April 23 in Plaza José Pedro Varela, Espósitos Montevideo. San Juan bonfires. Each year, this pagan-origin festival is won by the Catalan residents associations in our country, which celebrates the summer solstice of the northern hemisphere. The rite consists of lighting bonfires to give more strength to the sun at the time of the year when the days begin to have more hours of light. With this ceremony, the arrival of summer is appreciated. You can taste paella, eat some Catalan dessert and burn wishes. June 23, date of celebration in Plaza José Pedro Varela and Plaza Matriz Montevideo. Fiesta del Queso. It is organized since 2005 in the town of Gilda Polliers, in the department of Colonia, where around 2,000 families live from the artisanal production of cheese. It is an ideal event to taste a wide variety of cheeses, learn which ones go best with certain meals and which drinks go best with each dish. At the party on the river bank of the Cufré, which lasts three days, approximately 5,000 people attend and it includes workshops and talks about the history of cheese. Musical ensembles participate, rentals are made and the queen of the Fiesta del Queso is crowned. It is celebrated in the middle of May in the Polliers cabin in San José. National Chocolate Party. Much appreciated by adults and children, the National Chocolate Party of New Albesia is celebrated every year and approximately 5,000 people participate. In an area with a great Swiss tradition, the producers market their delicious chocolates, while typical musical and dance groups celebrate the day. At the same time, the House of Culture of the city is open and it is possible to visit it. There are also special attractions for the youngest, a unique opportunity to enjoy yourself. This is celebrated on the last Sunday of July in Plaza de los Fundadores in New Albesia, Cologne. Swiss parties. Since 1928, the so-called Swiss parties are celebrated, which begin with a dinner on July 31 at the Swiss Club of New Albesia and are extended for several days. The next day a bonfire is held to celebrate the creation of the Swiss Confederation, with typical dances while the hymns of Uruguay and the Helvetica Nation are sung. The following Sundays, the celebrations are extended with choir, orchestra and dance shows. It is celebrated on July 31 and Sunday in August in New Albesia, Cologne. British-Eastern meeting. Since 2008, the British-Eastern meeting is a party that gathers the descendants of British immigrants, many of whom settled in the area of Durazno and dedicated themselves to agricultural production. The town of St. George, thus called by the patron of England, was founded by the Scottishman Thomas Fyre, born in the 17th century in Edinburgh. The meeting consists of two festive days with a gaucho cavalry parade, races for adults and children, competition of roasters and vaccines, among other entertainments. The party offers typical food and British delicacies for tea time, while including musical performances such as the performance of gaiteros groups. It is held on the weekend of October in St. George, Durazno. Saint Javier's Feast. In Saint Javier, as a tribute to the first settlers who arrived from Russia in 1913, a large community party is held every year and visitors from all over the country come. In the square of Saint Javier, large matryoshka dolls are welcomed, but for the activity the whole city dresses up. The cultural center group Maxim Gorky is the host and in its headquarters typical dishes such as cucumbers or piroshki, empanadita with cabbage or liver filling, salyalik, a very popular roast meat croquette in Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia, with Russian salads and pyrozh, a pumpkin-flavored massalian cake. There are typical dances and traditional music. Since the arrival of the settlers, this annual celebration has been uninterrupted. Calls. Each February, Audeca, Uruguayan Association of Candombe and large groups of Afro-descendants will call for the celebration of a drum parade originally on the streets of the Montevideo neighborhoods of the south and Palermo. The starting point is the place where the medieval convent was once located. Today it is also celebrated in the capital of Durazno and in the city of the coast, Canelones. This traditional event began in 1956 and currently attracts almost 25,000 people. Not only does it gather the Afro community, but also the general public and every year more foreign tourists. The comparsas and their dancers walk the streets of the Candombe rhythm, celebrating the African roots. February in the southern neighborhood of Palermo, Montevideo and in the interior of Durazno and the city of the coast. Festival of Japan. The Japanese Embassy annually organizes the Festival of Japan, which is held in the gardens of the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum. This day-to-day activity promotes an approach to Japanese culture where it is possible to witness the tea ceremony, demonstrations of bonsai and kebana, martial arts and the exhibition of cosplay. In addition, the event has a stand of Japanese calligraphy, origami, food, flowers and typical items. It is part of the itinerary of a tour of the Japanese garden. This celebration is held in September in the building of the Japanese Garden and Blanes Museum, Montevideo. Festivities of the collectivities of Cilda Poliar. Since 2006, about 8,000 people have gathered to remember the settlers and enjoy a party full of color with a very wide gastronomic offer. Cakes, cheeses, sucruts, paella and many more options. Artistic, gastronomic and recreational activities are developed. Each group of the descendants of the collectivities participates by sharing their cultural and gastronomic specialties. French, Italian, Swiss, Lebanese and Spanish delicacies to then invite a colorful party with typical costumes in the parade of allegorical cars. The second weekend of November is celebrated in the municipal park Cilda Poliar San Jose. Immigrant Festival of the Hill. Since 1987, this traditional festival gathers more than 2,000 people. The hill area, formerly known as Cosmopolis, was able to house thousands of immigrants from Eastern, Central, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Europe. Those who largely joined as workers in the cold industry. The beginning of the festivities is in the Plaza de los Inmigrantes and ends after the parade at the Florencio Sánchez Theater. The first weekend of December is the period when the Immigrant Festival of the Hill is celebrated. Immigrant Festival of the City of Salto. Since 1999 and organized by the Union of Immigrants of Salto, the Immigrant Festival is a proposal that attracts more than 5,000 people and celebrates the origins of immigrants from the city. The collectivities of Argentina, Germany, Spain, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Basque Country, Italy, Líbano, Paraguay and Poland participate every year. In recent editions, representatives of the recently formed collectivities of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Mexico have been called. The organizers assure that Salto is a crystal of races. The program includes workshops, musical, theatrical, artistic and gala dinner. The first week of November in Salto. In recent decades, a series of festivities have emerged that promote the re-evaluation of the roots of the immigrants who made up the Uruguayan identity. Immigration Festivities. Organized by the Migrant Support Network, the Immigration Festival is a celebration that brings together the collectivities that live in our country. Every year representatives from Mexico, Catalonia, Basque Country, Asturias, Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Hungary, Chile, Nigeria, Lithuania, Russia, Italy, Peru, Uruguay and Turkey participate, among others. It is a festive space that combines gastronomy, music, handicrafts and traditions in the Museum of Migrations, Montevideo. And it has the support of the Organization of Ibero-American States and the Museum of Migrations. Promotes the exchange, the visibility of the current and previous migration and each edition attracts more followers each year. It is a way to rediscover customs and traditions through the tasting of typical dishes and the exhibition of handicrafts from different regions of the world. 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