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Transcription
This course covers various medical diseases and organ dysfunctions commonly seen by general internists. It discusses the role of internists in managing critically ill patients with multiple organ failure, patients with heart conditions, endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, geriatric patients, blood diseases, oncology care, infectious diseases, kidney disorders, chronic lung diseases, rheumatological conditions, and liver disorders. The course provides information on diagnosis and treatment for each of these conditions. Preface. This course is intended to be an overall discussion of the medical diseases and organ dysfunctions commonly seen in the practice of a general internist. Internists care for a variety of patients with both acute and chronic conditions. While most internists focus on the care of adult patients, sometimes these diseases can be seen in young people, so the care of both adults with medical diseases and the care of children with medical diseases are discussed in the chapters this course involves. The course first discusses the role of the internist in the management of patients with critical illnesses. Some patients with critical illnesses have an acute illness that results in the failure of many organ systems at the same time. The course covers the management of critically ill patients with multiple organ failure. The medical care of the patient who has been injured as part of trauma is also discussed in the first chapter of this course. The management of patients with heart conditions is also a part of this course. Internists specialize in interventional cardiology in which non-surgical approaches are used to treat heart conditions to avoid the risks of open surgery. The care of patients with acute myocardial infarction is part of the second chapter in this course as well as the management of patients with acute heart failure. The third chapter involves the care of the patient with endocrine disorders. The most common endocrine disorder is diabetes mellitus. The management of the patient with both type 1 diabetes mellitus is discussed as well as the management of the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The treatment of patients with thyroid dysfunction including hyperactivity of the thyroid gland and underactivity of the thyroid gland is covered. Patients suffering from adrenal disorders and their management are discussed as well as the management of the patient with reproductive organ failure. The fourth chapter in this course is devoted to the management of patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease is covered as well as the treatment of patients with gastric disorders. The care of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases is included in this chapter as well as the management of patients with functional bowel disease such as irritable bowel syndrome. The next chapter in the course involves the management of geriatric patients, specifically The complex issues involved in nursing home patient care and the care of the terminally ill and dying patient is included as a part of the work internists do on a regular basis. The sixth chapter of the course is devoted to hematology and the treatment of patients with blood diseases. The management of patients with bleeding disorders is covered as well as the management of the patient with bone marrow failure. The common ailment of anemia is discussed, including the workup of anemia and the treatment of anemic disorders. The seventh chapter of the course focuses on oncology care. Internists are intricately involved in the management of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation. These patients have special nutritional needs. The internist's involvement in cancer treatment is included in this chapter. The next chapter of the course involves the management of the patient with infectious diseases. Two common and serious infectious diseases covered in this chapter include the treatment of the septic patient as well as the treatment of the patient with acute pneumonia. The ninth chapter in the course is devoted to the care of the patient with kidney disorders. There are multiple causes for kidney dysfunction. The care of patients with pre-renal disease, renal disease, and post-renal disease is covered in this chapter. The tenth chapter in this course focuses on the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic lung diseases. The most common chronic lung diseases seen by the internal medicine specialist are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. The course outlines the diagnostic criteria for each of these diseases as well as the way each is managed. The eleventh chapter in the course involves the treatment of patients with rheumatological conditions. Most patients with rheumatological disorders have joint disease, so the common conditions of osteoarthritis and the common autoimmune problem of rheumatoid arthritis is covered. The different types of autoimmune disorders seen by the rheumatologist are outlined in this chapter. The last chapter in the course is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with liver disorders. Disorders discussed as part of this chapter will include acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.
