Gulam Jilani audio

The transcription discusses various topics related to social issues in the environment. It covers sustainable development, urban problems related to energy, water conservation including rainwater harvesting and watershed management, and the resettlement and rehabilitation of people due to major construction projects. The importance of economic growth and the impact of urbanization on energy consumption are highlighted. Water scarcity and the need for water conservation are discussed, along with strategies like rainwater harvesting. Watershed management is explained as a way to ensure a sustainable water supply. The challenges and concerns of resettling people due to development projects are also mentioned, emphasizing the need for local approval. Hi, myself Ghulam Jalani. We will discuss the Unit 9, Social Issues in the Environment in 2 Lectures, 5.3 From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development, 5.4 Urban Problems Related to Energy, 5.5 Water Conservation, Rainwater Harvesting, Watershed Management, 5.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation of People, Its Problems and Concerns, Case Studies, 5.3 From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development. Twenty years ago, the only indicator of human growth used by the rest of the world was economic position. Therefore, industrialized nations with relatively affluent populations were referred to as advanced, while developing nations with high rates of poverty and economic regression were labeled developing nations. The majority of North American and European nations, who started their industrialization process earlier have improved economically. 5.4 Urban Problems Related to Energy. Cities consume massive amounts of energy. Urban dwelling utilized comparatively less energy in the past than it does now. Because the materials used in traditional Indian houses, such wood and bricks, tolerated temperature variations better than the present ultra-modern structures concrete, glass, and steel. Very few temperature modifications were necessary. 5.5 Water Conservation, Rainwater Harvesting, Watershed Management, 5.5.1 Water Conservation. Water conservation is becoming a top environmental priority. Globally, clean water is getting harder to come by. Deforestation causes an increase in surface runoff, and a decrease in the subsurface water table because once vegetation is removed, water cannot slowly seep into the earth. 5.5.2 Rainwater Harvesting. Given the severe water scarcity facing our planet, every drop of water that we can use effectively becomes extremely valuable. Managing rainwater so that it is utilized at its source is one strategy. After the rainy season ends, as much water as possible can be gathered and stored. 5.5.3 Watershed Management. Streams that run down steep slopes and mountains are the source of rivers. The tributaries of major rivers are a collection of smaller streams that run down slopes and meet bigger streams in the valley. Watershed management is the process of overseeing a single piece of land that has a water drainage system. This method consists of many steps. This involves creating plant cover and managing the soil and water. When properly maintained, a watershed unit's natural drainage pattern may increase local prosperity by providing an abundance of water throughout the year, thereby enhancing the quality of life for local residents. 5.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation of People, Its Problems and Concerns, Case Studies. If major construction projects like dams, mines, motorways, or the designation of a national park disturb the life of the locals and often necessitate their relocation, we all wouldn't want to leave the house where we were raised. Relocating someone is a major problem. It makes it harder for them to survive on their conventional basis of natural resources and puts a lot of psychological strain on them. People that are deeply reliant on their own natural resources, such as tribe members, find it difficult to adjust to a new way of life in a foreign environment. Therefore, no significant project that is anticipated to result in population displacement may be implemented without the locals' approval.