Hominin Podcast

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Mae'r term apharansys yn oherwydd bod y ffosilau a oeddyn nhw'n cael eu cael ymwneud â nhw yn y rhan fawr o Ethiopi. Mae'r apharansys yn un o'r pethau cyntaf i ddatblygu o gwmpas 3.85 i 2.95 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn Africa Gwleidyddol, yn enwedig yng Nghymru, Cenedlaethau a Thansinia. Mae'r apharansys wedi'i ddod o grŵp genus Australopithecus, sydd wedi'i cael eu cael yng Nghymru, yn enwedig yng Nghymru, Cenedlaethau a Thansinia. Mae'r apharansys yn un o'r pethau cyntaf i ddatblygu o gwmpas 3.85 i 2.95 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn Africa Gwleidyddol, yn enwedig yng Nghymru, Cenedlaethau a Thansinia. Apharansys, along with Africanus, Adiba, Nemensis, and Caneanthropus are all within the same genus group. Apharansys was suspected to inhabit Ethiopian sites of East Africa very frequently, as paleoanthropologists did find several of their fossilized skeletons. Paleoanthropologists also believed that their species lived around 700,000 years before they evolved into new species or they went extinct. They were described as being ape-like hominins who were terrestrial and also walked upright, which meant that they were bipedal. The species had an approximate height of 4 feet 11 inches in males and around 3 feet 5 inches in females. In weight, the male apharansys was an estimate of 92 pounds and females estimated around 64 pounds. As you could see, and as you may hear, they were relatively small. Their skeletons revealed that they did have ape-like features and relating to the height and weight, we could demonstrate that they did have a high rate of sexual dimorphism, like in our human species. Their species, as recalled, they were bipedal and also did have adaptations in order to climb trees because they had long upper limbs, such as their shoulders, wrists, and they also had very curved fingers. The apharansis species were suspected to forage around trees and rely on high altitudes to stay safe and protected from predators during the night. They had small skulls with similar sized brains like apes, but they were slightly larger, as well as long looking jaws and forward projecting faces. But like apes, the apharansis species also had flat looking noses. They did have human-like anatomical structures, such as their pelvis, knees, and their spine, which were found to be much more upright compared to apes. Their teeth were also discovered by fossils and they have been determined to have smaller canines to apes. Their front incisors were wide, but they did have molars very similar to humans in arrangement. Due to their dental findings, paleoanthropologists were able to determine their type of diet and they suggested that the apharansis species consumed a very plant-based diet. They must have consumed different types of fruit, leaves, nuts, insects, and even smaller vertebraes because their dental structures showed that they did consume soft foods, but they must have also relied on hard foods when there wasn't access to the type of foods they usually ate. The apharansis species also were found to have a very cone-shaped rib cage, which made paleoanthropologists come to the conclusion that they must have had a bulkier diet as well. Their feet were found to look very human-like, with their big toes aligning to the other ones, and their arches were very human-like as well as their heels, which were wide, which helped them have more balance when walking upright. Aside from their anatomical structures, we also have to remember that they did have a certain way of behaving. The apharansis species were known to be scavengers and foragers, using their adaptations to climb trees and hunt animals, and they were suspected to travel and hunt in small groups. There has also been evidence that they used tools in order to hunt or survive from predators because paleoanthropologists have found several tools near Dikika, Ethiopia, where they were buried and they found sticks and stone-like tools that could have demonstrated that they were used by the apharansis species because they dated around 3.3 million years ago, which links with the time period the apharansis species existed. There have also been findings in the same area in which animal fossil bones with noticeable cut marks have been located, which makes apharansis a likely suspect to those cut marks due to the fact that they did exist to the time that those fossils dated back. Those fossils dated back to around 3.4 million years ago and their habitat was located within the Ethiopian area. Apharansis also seem to have lived in small groups which included children, adults, both male and female. Apharansis children were also suspected to grow rapidly after birth and reach adulthood earlier than humans would. This meant that they had a small period of growth which didn't allow them to learn much during their childhood and they did have to adapt to changes faster, like chimpanzees for example. After paleoanthropologists discovered more fossils, they suspect that the apharansis species was not the only hominin existing during this time period. A new Australopithecus species was discovered in 2015 in the Woronzo Millie site in Ethiopia and was named Australopithecus theriumida. The fossils of the new species founded were dated back to 3.5 to 3.3 million years ago, which connects the time which apharansis species lived in the Ethiopian area. The Australopithecus apharansis species is a direct descendant of Australopithecus indemensis that lived before apharansis. They are a direct ancestor to later hominin species of Australopithecus perianthropus and homogenous species. They are also considered to be a direct ancestor for us humans and they do form a huge part in the human lineage. Their species had become very well recognized due to one of their first discoveries that led to the name. A female fossilized skeleton founded in 1974 by paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson was founded in the aphar region of Ethiopia. Her skeleton was complete around 40% and she was the first hominin to actually receive a name. They named her Lucy and Lucy is now one of the most known fossilized skeletons. They founded a total of 47 bones. After her discovery, paleoanthropologists began to search for more fossils which led to the discovery of the apharansis species. The apharansis species, also known as the Lucy species, is one of the most impacting discoveries for the anthropology field. It is very important to understand it because they do form a huge part in our human lineage. We have been able to discover who our past ancestors were and how they carried out their lives millions of years ago. Who would have thought that they would evolve and eventually lead to our human species. This brings us to the end of today's episode. I hope you guys enjoyed the discussion about the apharansis species as much as I did. We hope to see you in next week's episode where we will be talking about the Homo genus species. I hope you guys have a great day and don't forget to come back for next week's episode. Bye!