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This information introduces common medical terms and their meanings. Some examples include abdomen (lower part of the torso), abduction (taking away), acne vulgaris (skin eruptions in teens), and aneurysm (bulge in a blood vessel). It also covers various medical conditions, procedures, and diseases. Some common medical terms. Now that you have become acquainted with some of the root words, prefixes, and suffixes, we'd like to introduce you to a grouping of medical terms that are used often. Using what you know, see if you can figure out the meanings before the narrator says them. Sorry, there's no prize at the end, except for your satisfaction in becoming familiar with some of the tools of your trade. Abdomen. Lower part of the torso, the belly. Abduction. Taking away. The opposite of adduction. Bringing toward. Abiotrophy. Loss of function or degeneration for unknown reasons. Abortifacient. Something that causes abortion. Abscission. Cutting away, as in surgery. Acanthamoeba. Microorganism found in soil, dust, fresh water of all types, as well as HVAC units, humidifiers, and dialysis units. Acanthamoeba enters the body through cuts, wounds, the nostrils, or by swallowing, and causes infection, especially to the central nervous system. Acapnea. Lower than normal level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Achondroplasia. Genetic disorder of bone growth causing dwarfism. Acne vulgaris. The kind of skin eruptions most commonly found in teens caused by constriction of oil glands. Acrocyanosis. Blueness of the hands and feet caused by constriction of the arterioles supplying blood to them. Acromegaly. Enlarged hands and feet, thickened skin, and soft tissues caused by too much human growth hormone. Acromioclavicular joint. Sliding joint located at the juncture of the point of the shoulder and the clavicle. Acupuncturist. One who treats disease by controversial means of thin needles inserted into various parts of the body. Adenocarcinoma. Cancer that develops in the lining or inner surface of an organ. Adenoidectomy. Removal of the adenoids. Adenomyosis. Common condition in which the endometrium of the uterus grows into the myodmetrium. Adrenal leukodystrophy. Genetic disorder causing the breakdown of myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brain with progressive dysfunction of the adrenal gland. Aerophobia. Fear of flying. A gamma globulinemia. Absence of infection-fighting proteins in the blood can be caused by HIV AIDS. Agranulocytosis. Marked decrease in granulocytes, general infection-fighting cells in the blood. Albuminuria. Greater than normal amount of albumin in urine. Alopecia. Baldness. Alveolus, plural alveoli. Tiny sac at the end of bronchiole in the lung. Amenorrhea. Amyloidosis. Disease resulting from abnormal deposits of amyloid protein in various parts of the body. Analgesic. Relieving pain. Anaphylaxis. Allergic reaction. Anesthesiology. Study and practice of the use of drugs or other agents that cause insensibility to pain. Aneurysm. Bulge in the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. Angina. Chest pain arising from inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart because of an embolus. Angioedema. Red, itchy, irritated areas in the skin, similar to hives but in deeper layers. Anhidrosis. Too little sweating. Do not confuse with anhidrosis. No sweating. Anomaly. Deviation from the norm. Anophthalmia. Congenital absence of the eye. Anorexia. Decreased appetite due to aversion to food. Anoxia. Lack of oxygen. Antenatal. Before birth. Anteroposterior. From front to back, as in X-ray technique. Antibacterial. Something that inhibits or destroys bacteria. Anticoagulant. A substance that prevents blood from clotting. Aphasia. Inability to eat. Aphasia, literally no speech, may apply either to the inability to express or to understand. Aphrasia. Inability to speak phrases or to understand them. Apophobia. Fear of bees. Apoptosis. Programmed cell death. Occurs normally to systematically replace old cells. Apraxia. Inability to move despite normal muscle function. Caused by a dysfunction in the cortex of the brain. Arachnoiditis. Inflammation in the middle layer of membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Arbovirus. Arthropod-borne virus. One transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, etc. Note, this virus has nothing to do with trees, so its name is not Arborvirus. Arrhythmia. Note, this is spelled with two R's. Abnormal heartbeat. Arteriogram. X-ray of the blood vessels. Arteriosclerosis. Hardening and thickening of the artery walls. Arthritis. Inflammation of a joint. Arthrocentesis. Using a sterile needle and syringe to draw fluid from a joint. Arthroscopy. Inserting a small tube into a joint to view, diagnose, or repair tissues. Do not confuse with orthoscopy. Correction of vision. Aseptic. Absence of microorganisms. Sterile. Asphyxia. Impaired breathing. Aspiration. Removal of fluid or cells through a needle. Also, accidental ingestion of fluid or particles into the lungs. Astigmatism. Blurring of part of an image because of irregular curvature of the eye. Atherosclerosis. Progressive deposit of plaque on the inside walls of arteries resulting in coronary artery disease or stroke. Atrioventricular. Referring to both the upper and lower chambers of the heart. Auscultation. Listening via stethoscope to the internal organs. Axillary. Pertaining to the armpit. Do not confuse with auxiliary in addition to. Azoospermia. No sperm cells at all. Azotemia. Higher than normal level of urea or nitrogen compounds in the blood, usually caused by the inability of the kidney to excrete them.
