Human_Physiology_Medical_School_Crash_Course_Unabridged_018_A_T

This course discussed human physiology, covering topics such as cell metabolism, digestion, basal metabolic rates, endocrine system, central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, integumentary physiology, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular physiology, respiratory system, immune system, kidney and urinary tract, digestive system, reproductive system, skeletal system, and acid-base regulation. The course explored the functions and processes of various organs and systems in the body. Summary. This course was a discussion of human physiology. There are many organ and tissue-based metabolic processes involved in physiology. In this course, the topic of cell metabolism was discussed. The core of every metabolic process is cell physiology, which involves membrane transport, and the synthesis of energy in the mitochondria. Large-scale metabolic processes were discussed. Large-scale metabolic processes include digestion, which brings nutrients into the body for digestion by the upper gastrointestinal tract and absorption by the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract. Individuals' basal metabolic rates and how to determine them were discussed in this course. Endocrine system physiology was discussed. There are multiple organs involved in the endocrine system, with the major organs involved being the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. All the major glands and their physiological function were discussed as they relate to the entirety of the endocrine metabolic processes and their feedback systems. Central nervous system physiology was another topic covered in this course. The central nervous system is primarily the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal cord has very little physiology happening, as it simply takes nerve messages to and from the brain. The brain, however, has numerous organs and physiological functions that serve to create messages that go to all body parts for motor functioning. In particular, the autonomic nervous system was discussed. The autonomic nervous system involves the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system operates when the individual is active and is part of the fight or flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system operates when a body is at rest and serves many digestive functions. The integumentary physiology was discussed, which was mainly a discussion of the physiology of the skin. The skin has many functions besides just being a barrier for pathogens. It contains cells and tissues that perform many functions that help in regulating body temperature, protecting the body from ultraviolet radiation, and other crucial functions. The metabolism and physiology of the musculoskeletal system was discussed. The musculoskeletal system discussion was mainly about the physiology of muscle cells and how they operate, along with the nervous system, to create body movement through electrical stimuli and actively operating muscle cells. Cardiovascular physiology was discussed. The discussion was mainly about the structure and function of the heart and its various anatomical structures. Blood flow as it applies to physiology was discussed as part of the discussion of the physiology of the heart. The respiratory system was included in this course. The physiology of the respiratory system included the various parts of the respiratory system and the physiology of the lungs. The basic unit of the lungs is the alveolus, and its role in gas exchange was discussed. Immune system physiology was discussed. The immune system begins with the bone marrow that has many physiological functions and makes the blood cells used in the immune system. This section also described the physiological function of the cells in the immune system. Kidney and urinary tract physiology was discussed, along with the components of urine. The kidney serves a vital function in eliminating wastes, contributing to red blood cell production, and controlling aspects of the human blood pressure. Digestive system physiology was discussed. There are many enzymatic and mechanical ways that the digestive system turns food into nutrients. The parts of the digestive system were discussed, along with their various physiological functions as they apply to the digestion of food. The physiology of the reproductive system was discussed. The male and female reproductive systems are similar in some ways, but vastly different in other ways. The discussion was mainly about how the female gamete is created and how the male gamete is created, as well as the means in which they come together to create life. The physiology of the skeletal system was discussed. This included a discussion of how bone is made and how joints function. The skeletal system has both large and small functions in the body. A discussion of the common disease of osteoporosis was also undertaken. Finally, acid-base regulation was discussed. Acid-base regulation is under tight control and is mainly a function of how the kidneys and lungs operate to keep the blood pH in tight control. Disorders of acid-base regulation were discussed in detail.