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In February 2022, Petropavlovsk in Brazil experienced severe flooding due to intense rainfall. This led to mudslides and destruction in the city. The flood was the worst since 1932, causing 231 deaths, 5 people missing, and economic losses exceeding 1 billion Brazilian Reals. The local government responded by declaring a state of public disaster and setting up temporary shelters. Search and rescue operations were challenging due to safety concerns. The city started cleanup and reconstruction efforts, allocating funds for affected districts. Climate change, deforestation, and lack of urban planning were identified as factors contributing to the disaster. To prevent future incidents, experts recommend reforestation, improved city layout, and emergency shelters. Hello everyone, today I'm going to introduce the 2022 Petropavlovsk Flood happened in Royal De Janeiro, Brazil. It was happened on the 15th February 2022. The intense rainfall in the city caused mudflats and flooding that destroyed parts of the city. The cause of the flood is because on that day, the city received an unusual high amount of rain within 3 hours. The participation is about 258 mm equals to 10.2 inches. And this was more than the previous 30 days combined. It was the worst situation for the city since 1932. Let me then introduce the impact of this event. According to the local official, 231 people died and 5 people still missing. For the economic impact, it exceeds 1 billion Brazilian Reals. When considering the reconstruction cost, the estimated loss is 665 million Reals, which equals to 2% of Brazil's GDP. After talking about the impact of this event, let me just introduce the mitigation strategy of local government and local officials. On February 16th, the Petropavlovsk municipal government announced that the city has entered a state of public disaster and all hospitals stand by at any time. And also, the civil defense department of the city states that 77 people have been transferred to a temporary shelter opened at the school. And then 400 people work hard to save survivors. And 200 people participate in rescue work as well. The civil defense and civil defense department set up a working group composed of professionals from 10 hospitals. Build education, health, community, and other consular districts to continue to help the affected people. The civil defense department sounded the alarm 14 times in the hardest-hit area. And the search and rescue activities to find the missing people were forced to suspend many times to ensure the safety of the rescuers. On February 20th, 2022, the city will carry out a cleaning operation. The operation in Rio de Janeiro includes cleaning the mud and flood-carried trash from the city streets. At the same time, urban reconstruction work has also started. The state government allocated 150 million riels, approximately 29 million U.S. dollars, for the reconstruction of the five formal districts that is influenced by the floods. For the review, local researchers said that climate change, local geological characteristics, and lack of planning for urban land use were three important factors that triggered the disaster, caused a heavy casualties. First of all, with the intensification of global climate change, rainy season in the southeastern coastal area of Brazil has become shorter and more concentrated in recent years. So it's the main cause of the floods happened at that time. And for the second, because the area is mountainous, landslides often occur after rainfall in areas lacking vegetation. This is the outcome of deforestation. For the last reason, in the absence of unified urban planning, residents of local slums occupy land and build houses at the foot of the mountain in the outskirts of the city. Which poses great security risks. So, this is not the first time a similar disaster has occurred in towns in the mountainous regions of this state. With the intensification of climate change, hundreds of people have been killed in similar disaster events in this region in the past 10 years. As you can see, all of these factors combined together caused a disastrous event and caused this tragedy. I think the local government could restore some plantations on the nearby mountains in order to stop the soil erosion so that decrease the risk of landslide. The local government could also improve the layout of the city and build emergency shelters to resist future disasters. As the global climate still changes, intensity and frequency of disasters will both increase, so further development needs to be done quickly and efficiently. In that way, we can save more lives and more money. Thanks for listening my broadcast.