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Illegal rupture of underground natural gas pipelines has caused dangerous explosions and fatalities. Deterioration of underground fuel tanks and seepage of oil and gas into the ground can lead to the buildup of explosive methane. Motor vehicle crashes resulting in ruptured gas tanks can also be hazardous. Various chemicals stored in warehouses, hospitals, laboratories, and residential garages can pose a risk, especially when mixed together. Bowling alleys and manufacturing facilities with greased machines can also be prone to fires. When approaching scenes with chemicals, it's important to use caution and rely on sight, sound, and smell for clues. Containers can provide important information about the nature of the substance they hold. And illegal rupture of underground natural gas pipelines. This is how it's happening. This happened, I want to think, about six years ago, up in the Boston Lowell region. Commonwealth Gas. And they looked at it. Underneath the ground, they have gas lines that are 40, 50 years old. And they started rupturing and houses were blowing up. And one of the fatalities, believe it or not, was a kid. Isn't that the kid? Yeah. The kid. He heard the explosions, got scared, went out and got in his car to drive away, and the house blew up. And the chimney collapsed on his car and killed him. That was one of the deaths. Couldn't get away. Deterioration of underground fuel tanks and seepage of oil and gas into the ground. Buildup of methane or other byproducts. Methane is the breakdown of biologic material. Methane is most often seen in sewer grates. In sewers. With sewer departments. Sewer lines go. My buddy, for years, worked in the Milton sewer department. And he said that there were times they'd go down in the sewer holes, they'd go down in the manholes, and they'd be 40 or 50 percent explosive. 40, 50 percent methane. You drop a wrench down there, nothing will go down. They actually have that. They have that in Boston and New York, where the manholes will just blow up. They'll spontaneously combust. It's a little spark. Spontaneously combust. And the manholes shoot up. Those manholes are like 100 pounds. And they'll shoot up like 50 feet in the air and land on a car or something. Dangerous stuff. Motor vehicle crash resulting in a ruptured gas tank. So this is a couple of things here. This is what we call a blevy. A blevy is when a gas tank, under pressure, ignites. And what it does is it heats the surrounding metal, and it can actually cause the whole thing to burst and explode like a grenade. And then this is a, you can tell this is staged. This isn't real, but this is kind of an exercise. Occupancy and location. A wide variety of chemicals are stored in locations such as warehouses, hospitals and laboratories, industrial complexes, residences, residential garages. The shit that people keep in their garage. Especially, I know people that load their own ammunition, they make their own ammunition, and you'll have four or five pounds of gunpowder or cordage in there. And they'll have gasoline and turpentine and paints and oils and all of that stuff when it's mixed together. That's one hell of an explosion. Bowling alleys. Anybody ever see a bowling alley? I moved, when I moved out my parents' hygiene department, I literally moved out 50 gallons of hazardous waste that took the hazardous waste. From bowling alleys? Yeah, because they'd been there 65 years, and they just basically never got rid of it. You know like those bottles from the 50s? Yeah. They had malathion from the 50s. I'm like, holy crap. But back then, it's amazing the things you find. What's in bowling alleys? Bowling alley, if you see the front of the bowling alley, anybody ever see Constantine? Constantine, one of his friends, lives in a bowling alley behind it. So, you go behind, you can actually see it. But I've been behind bowling alleys. In the front, all you see is the wall and then the little pin thing that comes down and raises up. If you go on back, it's 10 feet high, wall-to-wall machines. And they're all gears that do all this work. And those gears have to be greased. Well, what happens when grease and oil mix with dust? You get a hell of a flammable incident. And so you can have hell of a fire in a bowling alley. Matter of fact, on that same topic, I lived in Hopedale. I grew up in Milford, lived in Hopedale. And there's a company that worked up there called Draper Corporation. Now, the Drapers were probably the most wealthy people in this area at the time. And they owned like a whole compound in the center of Hopedale. And they owned Draper Corporation. Draper Corporation was back, they used to make manual or mechanical looms. That loom that made cloth. And so, from the late 1800s up until World War II, they were the main supplier of looms worldwide. And so they were, you know, back then, it was a most, you know, several hundred million dollar company, which would be like billions, like Amazon today. And so they had the manufacturing facility. They had five or six big, big buildings, a whole compound in Hopedale. And these warehouses, or these manufacturing facilities, well, what would the looms have to be? They'd have to be greased in oil. So they'd grease in oil, and that oil would soak into the wood. And so, over 50 years of these, now, Draper Corporation, electronic looms and automated looms came out, and so they didn't move at the time, so they closed. But the property was still there. And I can remember a couple of times they had fires in those warehouses, and they said that the wood would burn in like 2,000 degrees. Because it's wood soaked. It's like oily, soaked wood. Same idea with boiling out. Home improvement, garden centers, and restaurants. So senses, the senses that can be safely used are those of sight and sound, as well as smell, not taste. Using any of these sights to bring you in proximity to chemicals should be done with caution or avoided. Many times, if you can smell a chemical, you're too close. Clues that are seen or heard from a distance may enable you to take precautionary steps. Whenever you come onto a scene, you always want to be uphill and upwind. So you want the wind to carry from you toward the scene, not from the scene toward you. A container is any vessel or receptacle that holds a material. Often they contain a size, type, and material of construction to provide an important clue about the nature of the substance. Two categories of bulk and non-bulk. And let's take a break. Good job.