effective communication 20181002

Today's agenda is to discuss effective and written communication, effective publicity, creative presentation, presentation of reports, and human factors in report writing. Public speaking is similar to presentation, and effective public speaking means getting results by ensuring the audience understands the message. Creative presentation involves captivating the audience through non-verbal cues and practice. Tomorrow, the focus will be on the fundamentals of writing error-free reports, proposals, and minutes. Communication involves transferring information through various means such as talking, writing, gestures, facial expressions, body language, visuals, and electronics. Businesses connect with each other through communication equipment like fax machines, video cameras, TVs, and memos. Animals also communicate using specific patterns, sounds, facial expressions, and body language. Communication has evolved from drum beats and smoke signals to modern forms like paper, telegraph, telep So, my agenda today will be to stress and explain what we call effective and written communication. That is number one. Number two is effective publicity. Number three is creative presentation. Number four is presentation of reports. And number five is human factors involved in report writing. Now, number six is understanding the ITT practices for effective communication and report writing communication. Now, the word public speaking is the same word that American gives in place of presentation as it applies to written. It means speaking to a public. A public can tend to be more than two or three people. Effective is all about getting results from our activity, our endeavor. So, when we say effective public speaking, it means getting results. And what makes for our getting results is that the person we are speaking to or the persons or the group of people we are speaking to, the public we are speaking to, understand exactly what we are speaking to them. If we mean A and they understand it to D, we are not effective. And when we talk about creative presentation, we are going to look at how do you create a presentation in a way that you can marvel people. In a way people will say, wow, this is good. This is great. In a way that you can hold people to their toes, saying it is a wonderful presentation, it is a nice speech, it is a nice writing. You can be a creative speaker, a creative presenter if you don't read, if you don't read, if you don't think creatively, and if you do not listen to people, if you do not listen to people, and if you do not also practice. But exactly as a curator, creative presentations are a product of good practice. On the second day, which will be tomorrow, I will be looking at the fundamentals of writing. How to write good, error-free reports, proposals, and meetings. So, as it is today, let me look at what we call communication. What do we really mean by communication? What do we mean by information? What do we mean by reports or proposals? In other words, I'm going to look at concepts, definitions of things. The word communication is about transferring something from a point to another. Mostly information. Mostly information. Moving things from one point to another is a vital part of life and our business, our education, and anywhere we encounter people. Communication is a vital part of our life. It's a vital part of our life. And incidentally, we communicate more than any other thing we do in life. We communicate more than any other thing we do in life. We communicate by means of talking, by means of writing, by means of gesture, facial expression, even body language. This one we call gesture. Facial expression or body language is classified as non-verbal, so non-within communication. It's possible to tell somebody you want to drink water without talking or without writing it. Not by showing your face somehow. If the person is used to you, you will know what you mean. We call it gesture. We also call it facial expression in God's face. We also have what we call body language. Many years ago there was some media, the present body language. The present body language. Which means there was a way the present was not spoken. Or the way it was spoken that people were making meaning into. It's difficult to say that the present body language does not show you means it or meant it. That means there is a way people read meaning in your action. Body language means that people are reading meaning into your action. It doesn't mean that you are dancing. It does not mean you are dancing. It doesn't mean that you are shaking your body. But it means your inaction, the effect, or your certain action is taking form. Again, people communicate by what we call visual. And these are where people use images, apps, paintings, photographs, logos, video streams. Every logo is a means of communicating through visual. Anywhere you see an elephant with a baton, somebody is telling you police has to run here. Because that is the logo of Nigerian police. Are you getting it? An elephant running with a baton. Somebody is telling you that police is here. Anywhere you see a full gospel logo, it tells you that there must be something to do with full gospel here. Maybe that is a chapter of full gospel here. That is what we call visual communication. You are using a drawing, a photograph, a video, or a film to show that something is happening. You can also communicate through electronic means. We have looked at verbal communication, which involves talking. We have also looked at written communication, which involves writing, not speaking. We have also looked at non-verbal, non-written, which are gestures, facial expressions, body language. We have also looked at visual, which is use of paintings, photographs, logos, videos, pictures, images. Then the fifth one is electronic. In the P.I. we use wire or wireless means. Telephones. These days telephones are more wireless than wire. E-mails, cable TV, satellite, broadcast, and even television in communication. We call it electronic means of communication, e-communication. So these are some means of communication. Remember, business connects with business in several ways. Business can use and inform communication equipment, such as fast machines. These days organizations are not having fast machines because e-mails are displacing it. Fast e-mail has displaced that. Very few organizations still retain fast machines. Video cameras, TV players. People put messages on TV and send them across. TVs. Businesses are connecting to businesses by creating some of the messages on top of the technology they carry, such as movies. People send messages through movies, through goods, and through software. The third one is memos. Memos are short for memorandums. Letters, e-mails, e-mails are short for electronic mail. Circulars, bulletins, notice boards are around communication. And you see that this number is mostly what your organization might be using. But all of these are means people communicate. All of these are means in which people use in communication. The other one, number four, is through satellites. We are also going to see that. Even the technologies are made possible because of the satellite. Now, not only human beings communicate. Animals also communicate. Very important to know this. Not only human beings communicate. Animals communicate. Beings dance in a specific pattern that tell other members of the hive where they can find food. No bees. What produces money? When they want to tell other members of their hive that this is where they live. Hive is where bees live. When they want to tell other members of the hive that where food can be found. They dance in a particular pattern. Elephants emit a very low pitch sound. Below the level of human hearing. When they want to call other members of their group over miles away. When an elephant wants to call another elephant, it emits a sound very low to what a human being can hear. But other members of elephant family will hear it. Chimpanzee uses facial expression and body language to express dominance or affection for another chimpanzee. So when chimpanzee wants to attract another chimpanzee, he uses facial expression or body language to express his interest and affection to the other. So, when we talk about communication, it's a very deep rooted thing. It's a vital part of our existence. It normally goes in this form. In the early days, we are familiar with bees. When things happen, they produce drum. Even in villages, when they want to call a meeting, they kick some drum and people gather. Fire and smoke signal can be a way to call people. When people see smoke in the heaven, they know that they are in a meeting in the village space. In other words, they use smoke or fire to alert members of the village to know that they are meeting in the village space. Messages can also be attached to an animal. It is possible to attach. If you know that your dog normally goes to Nkechi's house, or your dog happens to be going to Nkechi's house, you can write a message and tie on that dog to Nkechi. So, messages can attach to the legs of animals, or to the body of animals, and so that as they move, the person where the animal gets to can know that this way you are sending Nkechi. Flashlight for sheep is a message that the sheep is approaching. So, messages can take different forms. Messages can take different forms. It just requires you to be creative. But we are going to look in our modern times, the ones you can easily generate in office space. And these are what we call the ones that go through paper and printing, those that have been telegraphed, telephone, radio and television, communication, computer and satellite, communications and the disability sign language. This is to elaborate on particular more on the ones that you can easily deploy in the office. This is what I accept. From this, why are there no signals? A message attached to the legs of animals, or people that are not using a flashlight are not easily deployed, and they cannot be deployed into office space. But if you are interested, we are going to look at how paper are used to communicate. Postal, we may use that telegraphy, because email has taken over those things. We look at telephone. We may use apps, radio and TV. We will also look at using computer because of the email. And we may not go that far in sign language, because all of you are well designed and created wonderfully. Are you getting it? Okay. So, see where somebody goes in the process in which people want to communicate. One, somebody originates the communication. We call this person source. Any person that originates a communication process is called the source. Somebody encodes that communication. We call it the encoder. That communication has a vision if you take it. Whether it should go through the air, whether it should go through the paper, whether it should go through wire or wireless, any of those things are called mission. Where that message eventually gets to is called endpoint. The person who receives it at the endpoint is called the receiver. The person that receives a message has a way to tell the source that, I have received the message. So that thing he does is what he calls a receiver. The person that receives the message, when somebody sends you a WhatsApp message, it is about once you upload it, something tells the person that, we have sent it. It gives two good signs. So when the person sees it, he will know you have received it. When the person sends that message, you haven't received it. He will know from his own phone. But once you have received it, even if you haven't received it, he will know. Because the phone will tell him that he has been delivered. When it was not delivered, the phone will let the person know that it was not delivered. It is pending. The same way it goes on in phone communication, the same way it goes on paper. And it is the same way it goes on even in our oral communication, but most of the time we don't even appreciate that. So our communication goes through these five segments of processing, of source, that is originating the communication, decoding and encoding the communication, that is interpreting the communication, putting it in the way it will pass through. And most of the time what it means is that we put it in the signal communication so that it can pass through the media. And then it is received at some point or end point. And the person that receives it is a keeper. So we can say that effective communication is a communication that achieves its result. Let's look at effective oral and written communication. When I transfer an idea or information from point A to point B, and the people in point A and the people in point B are on the same level of understanding, they are on the same level of comprehension, they are on the same stage. We say that one has achieved effective communication. So you can see that most people communicate without communicating effectively. If the person you send a message cannot understand it the way you understand the message you sent to the person, two of you are not on the same page. Though you have communicated, you have not communicated effectively. So very important. What stops people not to communicate effectively? What makes people really not to communicate and be on the same page with the person they are communicating? Many things and seven aspects. Number one is what we call noise. Noise. Noise is not somebody dancing. It's not somebody playing music. It is what is going side by side with my communication, which is distracting the person. If I use a rough paper right to my cheek, that rough paper is a noise. Because if I was focusing on what I have written to you, you would be focusing on the way the paper is turned. Are you getting it? So that piece of paper I am using right in front of you is a noise. It's a distractor. It is causing distraction. Anything that causes distraction of your listener listening to your message, distinctly, that thing causes a distraction. Another aspect of it is what we call distortion. I'm going to have you listening to the radio, and the radio will be as we said before, recording noise. But if you think of standing side by side with that radio, and if two of them are saying the same thing, but one comes and the other one comes, just start like that. We say that is a distortion. But that time you are listening to the radio, you can't hear well. You have to say again, it's up to you. This is noise. But if whatever is being said is being said clearly, but something is following the parallel, we take it as a distortion. This thing is trying to fight your listening through this thing. So, somebody's handwriting can be noise. There are people that you cannot read their handwriting clearly. Before you finish reading a line, you have to send two minutes. Noise is anything that obstructs your free flow to reading, or to communicating, very fast, and at ease. Number two barrier is wrong medium. If I want to write to my GM, and I write it, of course, through post office, and in the same office with the GM, two of those, what I have done is letter writing. But I am using a wrong medium. I would have used memo, not letter writing. That is, I use a wrong medium. Now, even that wrong medium, letter, can make a GM to misunderstand my writing, or my intention for writing. The GM will be confused. He is thinking, what on earth would I do to go to post office, and then a letter coming to him. Where would I have used it? Email. Or, if I don't want to use email, I use memo. Anytime you use a wrong medium, it's like you are in the same room with somebody. A medium to talk to the person could have been to speak directly, but instead of speaking directly, you use your phone, record your message, and give the person to listen to the message. It's a wrong medium. You have communicated well, but there was a problem with effective communication. And what causes you to use a wrong medium? You can also have a problem with wrong language, in case you are using proper communication. Wrong language. And language is a very big thing. Wrong language. When you use a wrong expression, wrong language, unexpected words will be used. It can hinder what you want to communicate. Example of wrong language, I think you can get it. Without giving an example. You can imagine what a wrong language can be without giving an example. So I go to the next one. Let me go to number four. Lack of feedback. Lack of feedback means, somebody received a communication, but did not get the receiver that has got the message. I don't understand. There is a word for this. You could normally say, they say, roger, roger, over and. I have to tell you that. Anytime for this you could say, roger, over, it means they have got the message. And it is common in course. Which means the importance of feedback is very, very strong. It cannot be over-emphasized. Anytime communication is established, and you get the message the way the person sent it, let the person know. You can say that by saying, okay, or I understand. I get it. That is the way I like to say, I understand, or yes, or exactly, or definitely. That is how this word is telling those things. It is a way of acknowledging that there is a communication, it is a feedback way. A barrier can cause by a wrong message. Wrong message. A message can be wrong because it is not meant for that person. A message also can be wrong because it didn't come at the right time. A message can be wrong because it was not sent by the right person who is supposed to send it. If a message that needs me to talk to GM makes me to send a messenger, it can be a wrong message because the person that sent that message was not expected to be the person who should send it. So always know matters that require you directly to send it. Many years ago, when I started working in Africa, I think it was in 1976. The day I started work, my immediate junior took me around to the home manager and the supervisors of the company and the directors. By the time when she finally took me to the human resources manager, the human resources manager used phone and called my boss and said, come and do this. And he saw me coming. He thought immediately that he would take me to the NV. Come and take me to the NV. So my boss started to climb up because our people were at the front floor and the HRM officer at the first floor. He had to climb up and take me to the NV. That would have amounted to a wrong message because it's not according to the HRM, my genome that's supposed to introduce me to the managing director of the company. It's supposed to be a management officer. And it's supposed to be my person who is my own boss, not my own genome. So, message can be wrong. If the media had done that thing, that my boss had done that, it would have amounted to a wrong message. And the NV would have been angry. He may not have said it, but he would have been angry and be hit back from me for not respecting me by asking my genome to send a message. Because my going to see is a form of a message that we have hired a new person with a message. So, that thing can lead to a wrong communication. A wrong communication also can be caused by a wrong receiver. A wrong receiver. A wrong receiver, very, very important. If I send a message for the chairman, it's essential that you go to the chairman. He said that he's not in the office and he won't be in the office by one month or the other, that you should send that message across to his house. It's essential that you get to the house. You didn't see him and you didn't see the wife. And it's essential that you give that letter to the messenger or to the housekeeper. Chances are you might be reaching a wrong receiver. Chances are you might be reaching that message a wrong receiver. Wisdom requires you to have thought and told him, I didn't see him. Then tell your soul, I didn't see madam. Do I come back with the mail or the message? If he did not trust any other person, he will not give you the mandate to give it to whoever. But it is not for you to take that decision without giving it to another person. In fact, even by then when you're reaching he's supposed to call, I didn't see madam. He will give the message. Don't assume that being a wife that he's qualified to handle that man. Remember, that man is not married man. It is office man. And that office man is addressing office issue. You don't know whether his wife is aware of it or not. Or whether he wants you to be happy, aware of it or not. So a wrong receiver can block a message. A wrong receiver can block a message. And other things can be other natural factors. So let's go to how do we win with effective communication. How do we win? If we know that these things are blockades to effective communication, then how do we win? How do we conquer these barriers? Primarily by receiving the chikos. These barriers to effective communication will be on the path of winning. By removing the chikos, the barriers, we are on the path to achieving effective communication. But let me divide this communication into what I call normal communication and workplace communication. Let me divide the world of communication into normal, which is like our regular communication and then classify another group into what I call workplace communication. Workplace communication are communications that take place in the working place. While the one I call normal now is the communication that generally takes place in your day-to-day activity in life. So let's look at how do we reduce effective communication in one that is not normal. Eight things, or let's say nine things you need to do. Nine things that you need to do to reduce the barriers to normal communication. Number one is this. Ensure your communication is without noise. Anything that can cause noise when you are communicating. Ensure that you do away with it. Anytime you want to write something on the paper, take a clean sheet. Don't tear paper and write something on it and ask them to take the sheet. All the time I see people when they want to write something they leave their telephone number and they tear any piece of paper. It's a rough thing. Take a clean paper. They didn't make grave that if they got no three degrees they're not going to cover up. Whenever you write to somebody on a trash it is saying something about your image. It is saying that that certain image is a trash image. When you write to somebody on a dirty paper it is saying something about you and it will block the communication. It will block what you want the person to see about you. Maybe that you're a wonderful person but the person is in a dirty paper. When you want to speak to persons make sure that things that can distract that person's attention are done away with. So that the person listening to you clearly seeks to make people to understand what you want to communicate or do. Because you are not far from doing what you communicate or have to do. So ensure that your communications are without noise. And that you communicate it through the right and acceptable channel. Knowing the protocol of communication matters. In anything you should communicate or know the right protocol to follow. One of the biggest laws in life is the law of protocol. Always know the right protocol to follow. Because anytime the protocol is not used properly you have got another issue. Before a court will look at a matter it will look at first of all what the court jurisprudence. Jurisprudence is like action. Is it the right protocol to follow? Is this court supposed to have the right to handle this matter? So if the protocol is already wrong people will not like to listen to it. Number two point you should always do consider when you want to remove the barrier always consider whether your body language is clear Always consider whether your body language is helping you or hindering a discussion. We live in a world where people say a lot of it doesn't matter. And these are also issues we can use to tell people they may not understand us. Your body language of being serious should also reflect in your communication. You can't tell somebody you are serious when your body language is showing the person that you are naive. You can't tell somebody that you are playing when your body language is serious. Make sure your body language don't give a different signal from what you want to say. And that is why in the fashion world in official parlance contemporaryism is the way to go. That is why in official parlance contemporaryism is the way to go. Contemporaryism is what we call corporate dressing. Corporate dressing. If you go to a bank you see that in this place at a very low level. It is because they don't want to give the different message that they can protect your money when they can dress also in a jean which can show them to be cowboys. Are you getting it? In that case they are meant to be in a bag and in a suit. And in a corporate case which is the hallmark of corporate jingoism which is corporate landmark of being contemporary. Dress in what will not cause people to be distracted and lost your communication. Stay open to an issue even if it appears to go against your bounds. People who rebuff or go into what we call angst of anger high temper makes people to lose the communication they want to communicate. Are you getting it? People who get easily angry angst makes people to lose track of the message they want to send because they Don't stay open to an issue of knowing that even their good intention may be misunderstood by another person. Because what it requires of them is to be open and to understand why the people are misunderstanding them so that they can better put their case. Avoid potentially controversial topics at the beginning of the discussion. As you are going to look later in becoming a good speaker one of the things you stop to do as you begin to speak is to avoid controversial topics. You can't begin a controversial topic at any discussion. Or it is not even permitted to bring up a controversial topic in public speaking. Because anytime you bring up a controversial topic you distract your speaker. Because everybody is so much tuned to what he believes on that issue. Controversial topics in public speaking are in areas of what we call religion, politics and sex that areas are not allowed at issue to be raised at the beginning of public presentation or discussion. So the law here is avoid it. Keep your language simple and present only one idea at a time. So remove the barrier to effective communication. Discuss one idea at a time. Don't try to discuss ten things at a time. When you discuss many things at a time you lose the attention of the person you are speaking to. And when you lose the attention of the person you have lost the access. So keep your language simple. Use the language the person can comprehend and present one at a time. When you are sure one has been understood then you can go into the other one. Don't present many at a time. If you do not understand a point do not pretend that you do. If you do not understand a point do not pretend that you do. Prepare to ask questions. Speak slowly and clearly. Public speaking is not newscasting. The language of newscasting is that you speak fast. You have watched newscasts, haven't you? They read news fast. To meet up with time. Because all news are time constrained. All television programs and radio programs are time constrained. Everything is time constrained. Broadcast world is time constrained in everything they do. So if there is somebody who is on broadcast it is fighting against time. But when you are in presentation you take your time. What do you take your time to do? You take your time to introduce yourself especially to an audience that does not know you. I get it. If you have to make a report on the Fugos 4 directors on how you have done in the last 6 months and they are giving you 20 minutes because they will always tell you how many minutes you are going to speak and they are giving you 20 minutes. Comfortably take that 10 minutes to introduce yourself and what you have to do before you go into it. What you are going to say is not as important as they are knowing you and what you do. They are knowing you and what you do is more important than what you are going to say. So if they don't know you and what you do, the other thing you are going to say they won't get it. The chances are sometimes speakers are never interested in their topics to people who don't know them. That's an error. If the people don't know you, they are coming to rush you. Relax. Take your time to introduce yourself. And speak it slowly and clearly. Don't speak the way you are not used to speaking. Do you get my point? To be a public speaker or a presenter, don't speak the way you are not used to speaking. Be yourself. Each time you try to be another person, you will make a mistake you will not recover. You will make a mistake that you will not recover. You can be yourself, speak slowly and clearly and there you go. Number 9 point in normal communication is empathize with your receivers, your colleagues, their needs and their wants. If I want to speak to you, I put myself in your shoe. I put myself in your shoe of knowing what really do you want from me? What really do you need? That is the only way I cannot speak to you and it becomes unprofitable to you. If you are speaking to somebody and you sit with yourself in that certain shoe, the person will not get what you are speaking to him or her. For instance, the same thing I'm speaking to you, if I'm talking to directors of banks, it can be the same message but not in the same way again. Are you getting it? Because I will also now put myself in their own shoe and maybe they will be faster in understanding so I will use another time. Because it's the same message. If I have to speak to someone else and this thing, the same message but not in the same way again. So, the number nine point is that every time you are speaking to people, emphasize with them. Emphasize means put yourself in their own shoe and imagine what they need from you and what they want from you and so is that line. Let's look at workplace communication. Workplace communication and communication that takes place where you work and the other barrier is also where you work in the manner in which you communicate. So, communicate effectively at workplace. These six things only need to be arrested. We treat these nine things under normal communication and incidentally, the things you treat them in normal communication, some of them will depend on this expression here. Because workplace is first of all normal before it becomes workplace. Workplace communication are normal with humanity before it becomes extra workplace. In workplace, do these six things to deal with the monster of barriers to effective communication. Number one is understand the official channels open to you. Understand the official channels open to you and how to use them. The official channels open to you could be what is taken here and expressing your point. To another person, it cannot be the official channel. The official channel is where the person might be to go through you. So, if that person goes straight to the GM, that person has goofed. That person has made an error. That person has crossed what can result to ineffective communication. Because the official channel open to him is supposed to be the patient. Let that be the person to take your matter to me. The official channel that may be open to you may be use desktop notes to write your message and draw. When I was in IT, there comes a call and how they talk to Nigeria Minister in those days. Even if they ask you to give them a cup of water, they will ask you, please, tell MD to write it on paper. They have a policy of what they call avoid verbal communication. A, B, C. Avoid verbal communication. Even most of the time, many people will ask that because they made a mistake. MD can take you at random and say, give me that virus and you can give him. If MD asks you to give him virus, you look at the next table. If you don't carry your own booklet, because everybody is supposed to carry his own. If you don't carry it, look for the next table. MD, write it. MD will not take it. Give me a virus. Which means the official channel open for communication in the organization is write it down. Write it down. W-I-T. Write it down. That was again the official theme of National Conference of Geographic Networks. Write it down. So, in one place, understand the official channel that is open to you and understand how to use it. I may not know the one open to you, but you know the one that the authority can let you be. You understand it and know how to use it. Number two, understand the interrelationship between various communities. There are many people in organizations who have problems understanding what they call organogram. Organogram means how authority flows. And at the stage of it, it's how the communication flows. Every organogram is two directions. One is authority line. The other one is responsibility line. The other one is communication line. The other one is the process line. If... Okay, in here it's not enough. If somebody... Okay, the two organizations I'm listing here are the state directorate and the national directorate. Now, if somebody has the state directorate, do not remember that it's a state directorate and it does something and they bring it for approval in the national directorate. Don't think it has something else. Understand the interrelationship between the various subgroups. The fact that they are in the same building does not mean that they are the same organization. So, always understand this in any organization, anywhere in my office. Understand the rules governing operations and the conduct of staff. Understand the rules. There are many spoken and unspoken rules that govern workplaces. Understand the company policies with clients and stakeholders. Policies are guides. Organizations develop that guide the way things are done. Understand the company policies with clients and stakeholders. Identify existing barriers to communication. Identify existing barriers to communication in your department and organization as a whole. Identify moral and ethical religion and cultural issues that disrupt the flow of information. When you identify these, it makes you the real master and the handle organizational communication, historical workplace communication. These six things, is everyone at the top, no? No. Identify moral and ethical, religion and cultural issues that disrupt the flow of information. There are some cultures. Certain things disrupt the flow of information. There are some barriers that certain organizations have that obstruct the flow of information. Let's take a look at reporterizing. Sometimes I write a book I call Reporter Master. But in terms of that book, I say that a good reporter is easy to recognize, very easy. A good written letter is very easy to recognize, and a wrongly written letter is also easy to recognize. What makes a good reporter to be easily recognized? The title is sharp. Precise. Straight to the point. I'm getting closer to something close, and all the titles of my books are sharp. Some titles give me headache, thinking over. Because the toughest part of writing a book is coming up with the title. Because in coming up with the title, you are thinking of what will I call this to show that it will carry the message of what I want to write. So every good reporter that is easy to recognize has this quality. The title is precise. Sharp. And it gives the information. It is informative. So, if you are writing a letter to full-blown school neighbors through the GM, and you want to write to them about what is going to happen in November at my convention, and your title is and the title is Nigerian Sand. You will discover that it is not informative to say and to imagine what really do you want to write. So, let us all say that you want to write on moving full-blown school ahead. Maybe that is the main concept. But you can say that the motto that will carry full-blown school into the next millennium is coming. Can you see that that title is not precise? It is long and it is not precise. It is not correct. I will show that you want to talk to them about the new phase of full-blown school or the next phase of full-blown school. The second thing that makes a good reporter recognizable is layout and format. If you see the letter I sent to you, you will see it is super well-formatted. Your format in writing a letter or any form of report makes that letter to be read easily. Format refers to how you separate sub-issues and how you know what to type, what should be sanitized, what should be indented, what should be underlined, what should be left out, what should be rotated. It also shows margins you are going to leave at the top, left, bottom and the right. Some time ago I used to have a secretary that if you give her something to write she is economizing the paper. She will change the margin and move the margin upwards at the top. I say, why do you normally don't allow the letters to balance? She will say that I want all of them to enter. You saw that this is a mentality of not having enough. Why not focus more on the future of your margin than trying to manage? So I remember that she is always eating paper. So what would have been on two pages? She will destroy it to put it in one page. Ending of destroying the formation of the paper. And I ask her, how will you give a letter that has less than a half inch at the margins? You can't give it to the country. It is showing poverty. So, NAF and your format should be well organized. Situation may vary, a situation like that but it is not always. Most of the time it is on the demand. If the people want me to tell you that please make it one page. You know that it is on the demand. Then the margin is easy to handle. The open to reveal both text and the diagram. If the people come with the book, it should be easy to, or the letter should be to reveal text and diagram. Reading a well written report can be pleasurable. Sometimes it must make it so. The style is accurate. It is fluent and concise. It has heaven to indicate content of each section. It has heaven to indicate content of each section. Ten laws of report writing. Ten laws. And if anything is a law you take it seriously. Because whenever you go against the law you pay the consequence. Law number one is law number one is that the reader is the most important person. You can't write any report without considering the reader. No report is important when you do not consider the reader. What does it mean? If I write a report that the President of the United Republic of Nigeria will give me, I will know that the President received not less than 50 people every day. And it is just every day that he will need to look at that report. So I will make that report to the President of Nigeria. So I will make sure that that's the very President that will pay up for me. If I know that the President is not so much into deep English, I'll make sure I use it and work. But if I know that Dr. Nnamdi Iweki is the President, I may be more free to use things that sound like deep English. What am I doing? I'm considering my object. I'm considering the object. My consideration makes me speak because if I write to him and he cannot get my message or get communicated, my effort of writing has been wasted. Number two is law. It gives the report as short as possible. It gives the report as short as possible. Make your report not to be unnecessarily columneous. Make it short. How do you make it short? Go straight to the point. Go straight to the point and write what you want.