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Arteries gradually become smaller arterioles, which then connect to capillaries. Capillaries are thin tubes made of a single layer of endothelial cells. In capillaries, oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with the surrounding fluid through osmotic pressure. Arteries become progressively smaller arterioles, which feed into capillaries that are merely single-layer endothelial tubes, where oxygen and nutrient exchange occurs within extracellular fluid via osmotic pressure.
