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A closure in JavaScript is a fundamental concept where a function retains access to variables from its outer (or enclosing) scope even after that outer function has finished executing. This allows the inner function to "close over" the variables of the outer function, hence the term closure. How Closures Work: When a function is defined inside another function, it has access to: Its own scope (local variables). The outer function's scope (variables defined in the parent function). The global s
