Episode 52 lewis and clark part 1 final

The transcription is a conversation between two friends discussing various topics, including a petting zoo, Highland cows, and their plans to start a podcast. They then transition to discussing the Lewis and Clark expedition and the reasons behind it. Thomas Jefferson wanted to explore the western lands of the United States and find a Northwest Passage that would connect the East Coast to the West Coast for trade purposes. Lewis, Jefferson's secretary, was chosen to lead the expedition and enlisted the help of his friend, William Clark. Welcome to Illequipped History where two best friends tell you a story from history and we are not equipped to do so. I'm Morgan joined by my bestest friend, Emily, we're we're goosing y'all we're just goosing today our brain is still mush yes like last week yes and now it's even later in the evening because we record at night like smart people listen it's the only time we both have off together literally jobs are hard and we're hours apart it's so sad I keep thinking we should move close together and get a studio meaning like a shed in my backyard yeah that'll be fun yeah cool as long as there's electricity and like a fan and maybe a little little mini fridge that's all yeah doesn't need to be perfect we'll put up blankets on the wall to dampen the sound it'll be fine yeah it'll be great oh speaking of things that I want to put in my backyard I met a miniature Highland cow and I took a picture with it oh yeah my mom's work had a petting zoo and it was the dopest petting zoo I've ever seen they had like a pony and a goat and a Highland cow and a llama and a sheep that was just the fluffiest thing ever oh and a big fat bunny and I think there was something else I don't remember but they like instead of having them in cages they had them like staked out and they were like on leashes okay so they still had some room and they were eating all of mom's nice pretty perfect grass but you could just walk up and pet them oh a Highland coo that's cute it was cute when I was sorry I was gonna say I'll just send you a picture of it yes please show me when I went to Scotland I unfortunately never got to meet a Highland coo but everywhere I went I saw like depictions of them and like magnets and stuffed animals and I just like they don't say cow up there they say they say coo coo so there was a Highland coo everywhere so we should get one I want one yes it's so tiny oh I just sent you a picture by the way if you heard me giggling it's cuz I found the picture of myself again from our text messages oh look at this baby oh I know I almost posted on our socials like sorry the podcast is canceled I'm running away to be with the Highland coos well you should because you look gorgeous in this picture oh my god thank you welcome I'm just like zooming in on the fuzzy ears I can't I know I just wanted like he the cow reminded me of my mother-in-law's dog Lily she has the fur that grows on the top of her head like that so we're yeah I sent that to my mother-in-law shout out Nancy and she was like take it home take the cow home the only cow sorry I didn't drive the truck today my bad I drove my car like a sensible human well thank you for sharing that that made my day so much better you're welcome okay so we're not talking about Highland coos today we're talking about another topic still a good topic thank you I was super excited to cover it so let's get into our skit honestly I don't know how we haven't done this one sooner me neither it popped into my brain and I was like all right this is what we're covering today yeah it feels so like in your face like duh right like well today's the day today's the day okay November 24 1805 a sodden exploration party is in camp in the Pacific Northwest where the Columbia River empties into the Pacific Ocean it's taken the team over a year to get here but now they're trapped isolated from anyone who can help them their captains call them around as they decide on what to do all right men this isn't looking good we're running out of options we have finally made it to the Pacific Ocean but winter is fast approaching here are our options one we stay here and hope for a ship two we go north back towards the villages where they charge way too much for food three we go south fill the fort and eke out a living hunting elk four we go back to the Nez Perce tribe where it's at least dry you men are like family to myself and Lewis we've gotten us here but you loyal men need to decide how we move forward these are your lives at stake we're going to have a vote White House how say you I vote we go to the south and hunger down it's worked for us before noted gas I thought we go back to Nez Perce they have supplies they'll trade for noted Warner I vote we stay here who knows when the ship will come by Colin Clark asked each man in the 33 member crew their vote and it is recorded finally he gets two man who does not expect his name to be called York yes how do you vote wait you're asking me of course you've been by my side throughout this entire journey your life is just as much at stake what do you think we should do I I think we should go south wait out the winner thank you noted the kagalya what do you think the kagalya turned startled that her name is called you're asking me absolutely we wouldn't be here if not for you you've lived in this area tell me what do you think our is our best course of action the kagalya thinks for a moment then responds you build a fort in the south we'll survive the cold there then it's settled majority vote rules we go south build an encampment and set out when the weather warms up let's go then wonderful acting by the way Emily thank you thank you so today we are finally for some reason covering the Lewis and Clark expedition expedition expedition I know this one is no no now it is but it was not a time no yeah we were like neither of us know like why it's taken us so long for us to cover the most iconic American journey there is out there seriously like we I saw who I saw Clark and Lewis and I was like why why haven't we done this we've talked about a baseball player who chased firetrucks it's all important history it's fine yes this is this is good it's coming when it should yes you know yeah I wanted you know we've been covering a lot of people lately and I was like what is a good just like event that happened in history the most famous expedition in the United States so here we are yeah Lewis and Clark also called the core of discovery is what they were called slash name themselves I did want to get this out there so I found a two-part documentary series by PBS that aired in like 1997 about this expedition most of my information comes from this documentary I honestly follow with like its narrative mm-hmm the I really liked the documentary and most of its sources came from the journals from the expedition very very good notes and accounts of the expedition were kept by multiple members of the expedition so we know a lot about what happened and I just it goes pretty chronologically and I just thought it made sense to follow the structure of the documentary so just to get it out there not everything comes from this documentary but I'd say like 90 98% yeah comes from it it's called Lewis and Clark the journey of the core of discovery again it was published by PBS in 1997 it was very interesting I really enjoyed watching it I got almost 15 pages of notes just from this one documentary oh yeah it was very informative I won't go into every minute detail but I will be covering the majority of the events that happened so let's get started before we get into the journey we have to talk about why the journey happened in the first place so 1801 Thomas Jefferson is the third president of the United States and he has his eyes set West he's like okay because at this time in the United States the United States really just extends up to the Mississippi River from the East Coast everything past that is French territory Spanish territory unexplored unclaimed territory so it's very unknown to Americans there's people out there yeah I mean there's native tribes all over the western US again like fur trappers from Canada Mexico extends all the way up into California so you know there's people out there but not right it's not tracked by Americans so Thomas Jefferson's like I want to get Americans out there let's explore this land and his big goal was to try to find a waterway that was rumored to be called the Northwest Passage that extended from the East Coast to the West Coast of this land mass of the continent to have a waterway from Europe to Asia okay and his idea was that if they could find a river or some kind of waterway that extended through the country like boom boom boom money money money you know like yeah like the country would be lousy with trade and exports and you know like yeah because right now for all they know there's a two giant continents between Europe and Asia going through the Atlantic Ocean and then Asia is a world away from Europe on the other way and there's an entire continent between the two as for Asia you know so in Africa and like they're still having to go around the horn of Africa yeah to trade yeah via ship so he's like okay we're hearing rumors of this and they're not the only ones looking for this Northwest Passage like France is looking for it Britain is looking for it Spain is looking for it so everyone's like frantically trying to find this Northwest Passage and so he's like okay I'm going to hire an expedition to explore the West uh and I'm going to take I'm going to assign my very trustworthy secretary Mary Weather Lewis because he knows his stuff so Mary Weather Lewis like I said was Thomas Jefferson's secretary his personal secretary Mary Weather Lewis was born August 18, 1774. The Lewises and the Jeffersons were actually neighbors in Virginia so the family had known each other for a long time and Lewis had fought under George Washington in the Whiskey Rebellion oh he's been in the army he was an officer in the army in this time I guess 1801 maybe he was 28 years old at the time so he's still pretty young so young yeah and Jefferson was like hey I really trust you you're one of my closest confidants you know your shit will you lead this expedition to the West and Lewis was like hell yeah but I'm not doing it alone I'm going to call my buddy William Clark okay so William Clark he was four years older than Mary Weather Lewis he was born August 1, 1770 so their birthdays were only like a couple weeks apart he's from Kentucky his family moved there when he was 14 and at this time when he was 14 Kentucky was wilderness like there are not very many people out there so he grew up on the frontier basically he knew how to survive in the wilderness he knew how to navigate all that and Clark also served in the army he served during the Indian wars in the Northwest Territory and I couldn't figure out where the Northwest Territory was I didn't know if that meant Ohio or like Michigan or like Minnesota you know like somewhere in the Northwest not all the way to like Oregon or anything but okay I wanted to say it's more like Ohio and one thing to note about them personality wise Mary Weather Lewis he was extremely intelligent but he had mental some mental health struggles okay in multiple sources it's written that he really struggled with what I presume is depression okay his whole family struggled with it Jefferson kept writing describing him as having a melancholy disposition and there would be weeks at a time that he could barely function which sounds like depressive episodes yes and then he would like kind of get out of it and he'd be fine and he'd get back into a depression which is pretty that's the pretty normal pattern for like a depressive disorder yeah but again absolutely brilliant and then William Clark he was super outgoing friendly chill like he was literally described as laid-back a very good foil to Lewis and the thing is they worked really really well together thankfully and a bonus about Clark is that with his work in the the Indian wars that had occurred he knew how to negotiate with the native peoples he could become very friendly with them he had some friends who were native and the whole purpose of this journey they were not going to like conquer Jefferson is very clear like this was a peaceful expedition they were not going to attack native tribes they were going to try to make us be friendly with as many of them as possible so leading up to them actually leaving Jefferson requested Lewis to go to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia where he was going to get a bunch of training in quote botany zoology mineralogy and celestial navigation okay and that's a quote from the documentary so he was like you're going to learn all these different things that you're going to need to know in the wilderness like you're not going to just be able to call home be like hey we're lost let me look it up on my phone and see where we are like yeah they were going to be on their own so this is all and they didn't know anything really about the west so they wanted the expedition to collect samples and identify new plants and animals that they were going to encounter because the plan was for the American people to eventually hopefully start moving west yeah and Jefferson who was a scientist at heart he was like I want to know want to learn about this new country but also so we can be prepared for what to expect right right the United States and North America in general has so many different climates like not there's not one region that's like another region in the country no so there's not absolutely understand that so Lewis started stockpiling on supplies like rifles apparently he had been able to collect the most advanced rifles at the time okay tents clothing gifts to trade with the Native American tribes they were going to encounter quote barrels of whiskey barrels they had a lot of whiskey we're taking barrels of whiskey on a expedition yep yep okay priorities right and he bought a Newfoundland dog that I've seen was made either seen in or scanning but he had a dog or scanning yeah I've seen both cute yeah and and while he was preparing for his journey Lewis studied medicine medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush who was a very popular physician at the time his treatment of choice was very powerful laxatives he went on and on about the healing power of purging the body so you just gotta shit it out yeah broken leg don't you shit about it after taking a shit headache you laugh but when I was growing up that's whenever we came to my mom with an ailment like uh our blank hurt she goes well did you poop I'm guilty of saying that to my kids sometimes it's all you need hey did you poop buddy like I don't we'll try that first and if that didn't work we'll revisit this yeah and usually it's fine yeah well half the time they're stinking up the house so yeah that is the problem go poop so Lewis bought 600 doses of what were called Russia's thunderbolts no please tell me this isn't a laxative it is a laxative and one of the historians said that the the name was an apt descriptor what happened they called it Russia's thunderbolts you've taken your shit through a screen door in 30 seconds yep that's that's pretty apt what the fuck was in that I have no idea I don't want to know I'm scared yeah okay don't yeah this is not good so we're jumping forward to 1804 July 4th Napoleon Bonaparte offered to sell France's western territory in what would eventually be the Louisiana purchase which we talked about in our New Orleans bonus episode basically Jefferson got the the land deal of the century of all time yeah basically bought one third of what is currently the United States for pennies on the acre for literally what he had in his left pocket at the time it was like 14 cents an acre the deal was several million dollars but like 14 cents an acre Jefferson didn't hesitate for a second like I'll save my money give me even price yeah make my money he wanted the the land like he was like I want this land I want to expand the United States let's do this great deal he saw that we were a growing country that needed that that territory that land exactly so the the he bought the uh the mission was going to happen regardless but now that Jefferson had acquired all this land and the Louisiana purchase like well now we have even more incentive now this is our land that you can start discovery yeah so he dug the group the core of discovery it the mission was going to start in 1804 with about I've seen between 41 and 47 men okay I I saw a whole JSTOR article that was like we don't know exactly how many people we expect 45 is the most definitive number but I've seen that's a good estimate yes and their their plan was to take the Missouri River to the west coast and like okay Missouri River hop into the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean because they knew the Missouri River went west they knew the Columbia River fed into the Pacific so to like find where that meets and then we'll find that northwest passage that waterway through the western U.S. we'll have direct routes like up the Mississippi on the other rivers in the eastern U.S. we'll have direct water lines through to Asia okay the mission the expedition was supposed to be between 18 to 24 months that's about how long they expected it to be and Thomas Jefferson allocated $2,500 to the journey in 1804 which was a lot of money $2,500 did you do the math for that I didn't I meant to okay 1804 $2,500 worth today has the purchasing power of about $68,656 I feel like that's not that much it's really not that much but I think if you take into account like they were they were living off the land yeah which yeah they were so I don't think they may be needed as much no that absolutely makes sense yeah so fall of 1803 William and Clark made their way to St. Louis which is I think the westernmost point of the United States and it's right on the Mississippi River they wintered there finalized all their plans got their boats ready got their supplies ready got their crew ready and they were going to be sorry I'm saying it is crazy to think that St. Louis was the most western point of the United States at that point I know right what the but I know and if you scroll down I have some pictures I've Louis and Clark here yeah I don't there's not very many pictures so if you scroll down to the last picture I have I have a map of their expedition okay starting in St. Louis okay so red is their forward journey purple is their return journey it gets a little messy if you're all okay yeah it's a little messy yes yes there there was a reason why but we'll get to it when we get there so they're getting ready they're preparing and they were going to be the first Americans to travel as far as they did no American had ever gone as far west as they did and honestly they were besides like the Native American tribes that like lived in the area they were the first people to make it out as far as they did and travel as far as they did like this was a in the documentary the historians and the writers and authors kept comparing this expedition to the moon landing it was that wow it was that equivalent of an undertaking and even one of the historians said that you can see the moon you know what it looks like you see it there they had no idea what to expect on this journey they had no clue they were truly going into the unknown they were going in blind really like yeah they had a map up to if you see here I'll get to the Fort Mandan okay in the map they had they had a map a rough map up to this point because again like most of this was French and British territory and there were trappers and stuff past Fort Mandan blind completely no clue the journey yeah the crew again like we don't know exactly how many I wrote down a list of all the names I'm not going to go through because it's like over 40 but we have captains Lewis and Clark I'll just point out a couple notable names Charles Floyd, Reuben and Joseph Fields, Joseph Whitehouse, Patrick Gass, John Ordway, George Drouillard, Pierre Cruzotte that's just a few and in the documentary journals from Gass, Whitehouse, and Ordway were very frequently referenced they kept really really good journals of the trip as well as Lewis and Clark okay and they're like other people kept journals but they had the most definitive accounts of the day-to-day what happened yeah maybe they weren't as detailed right and these journals were very detailed yeah all right so they're on their way they're off oh and I wanted to point out before before they leave sorry yes the documentary pointed out that again not much is known about them almost all of them were young healthy single men all most of them were like in their 20s like pretty young okay and they were personally selected to be like very fit and healthy so they could survive the wilderness right so included in the the group there were some men who were half Native American and half white okay I think who was it Pierre Cruzotte he was a French Creole who could speak some some different languages France Francois Labiche could speak several Native American languages and he was French George Julliard he was half Shawnee and half French so a pretty diverse crowd and additionally Clark brought an enslaved man in his quote-unquote possession named York okay and Lewis brought his dog yep and now they're off and now they're off they cross the Mississippi they start sailing up the Missouri River and kind of on like initially they started getting not like crazy trouble but the they're rowing against the current of the Missouri yeah and it's taking a long time and they're like running in the logs their mask gets snapped by like overhanging trees it's it's a little rough sometimes the men had to literally get out of the boat and pull the the keel boat up and they had a keel boat which had most of the supplies it's a bigger boat and then they had a couple like canoes okay with like some other men I think like just a few and for like besides like the difficulties of the boat for the first while of their journey things are fine they're going through you know they're they are at the river they're hunting pretty well George Trouillard would hunt for fresh meat every morning Silas Goodrich was the best fisherman and he would fish John Ordway would hand out their rations for the day which included cornmeal flour salt pork and four ounces of whiskey every morning good morning and I assume those are like the daily rations yeah yeah like things were good things were they're making way I think the documentary said about 14 miles a day which against current and without a motor is not too bad that's I I don't think just walking I could do 14 miles a day yeah yeah it was a lot Clark spent most of his time on the keel boat making maps of their journey yeah and Lewis they like whenever they stopped he would collect plants and soil samples he would provide medical attention to the men including the laxatives that was mostly like he would either bleed them out or give them laxatives that was their medical treatment how did they survive I yeah they're either they managed to shitting their brains out or they're being bled you got ghosts in your blood you got to bleed it out right yeah so this next section I titled onward onward for the first few months of their journey it was unbearably hot because they left I thought I wrote down they left in I believe May of 1804 yeah May of 1804 they left there so they're traveling like peak summer yeah it is hot yeah and then mosquitoes are absolutely murder yeah it was so bad their dog the dog howled like all throughout the night because they were just being eaten alive by mosquitoes all of them it was really really bad poor dog I know and the gnats like it was just so bad they there's journal entries of them talking about like they're really bad they're really really bad they're really significantly bad they're god they're god awful bad like every description in the girl's just worse and worse and and like I said earlier Jefferson wanted them to have as detailed of notes as possible he wanted as complete of a picture as possible about everything and anything they encountered yeah so again like Lewis was taking like specimens of plants and soil Clark had his journal and was mapping and then other crewmen had journals that they were recording the day-to-day activities but then they also mentioned that Lewis sometimes went days without writing in his journal and it's suspected that's when he was going through like a depressive period they the historians say that Lewis's depression never interfered with the mission okay they kept going they never stopped he never let anyone know anything was wrong and really the only sign that they had to indicate possible depressive mood was that he would not write in his journal but then when he would write it would be very detailed very okay illustrations of things all that yeah and while as they're making their way up in Missouri they Lewis and Clark had to conduct five court martials because again this is like a military expedition technically like their captains everyone else is considered a private and these are all young men out on their own so some offenses included falling asleep during guard duty stealing whiskey getting and getting drunk insubordination there is one case of mutiny the punishment was lashes oh but there was one one guy got like 50 or 100 lashes for one like I don't remember which one it was and then like after that no one did anything else they're like all right we're done no more shenanigans so many that could kill somebody I know it was on it was like 100 lashes on a bare back like it was a very tough punishment that was probably me honestly I think it was falling asleep on guard duty I think that was that punishment oh my god I think I think that was the most have like severely punished which I mean I can understand like I don't understand the severity of the punishment but I do understand like why it's taken so seriously because they're completely unknown territory yeah you're on guard duty you don't know if there's gonna be like a wolves or bears or a Native American tribe that comes and attacks you in the middle of the night like yeah I do understand that yeah but yeah things the shenanigans stopped after that in the late summer of 1804 a lot of the men were starting to get really sick and especially Sergeant Charles Floyd he over a few days he started getting sicker and sicker nothing was working and he did eventually pass away Lewis diagnosis diagnosing with bilius colic because he was like throwing up a lot coughing a lot modern historians think that he had appendicitis oh so there's not anything you can do about even if he was in the city like it's very unlikely he could have received like they think he had a burst appendix so it's honestly like even in modern modern time if you don't catch it in time you're dead yeah yeah so and this was around modern day Sioux City Iowa that's where he was buried okay so the first unfortunate casual death on this journey okay the next stop of the journey was the Great Plains which is one of the largest grasslands on earth and it's just page after page after page just marveling at the vast expanseness of the Great Plains yeah these guys are all from the eastern U.S. like there's trees everywhere it is just forest yeah up until the Mississippi and like maybe they've seen the coast they've seen the Atlantic Ocean but they've never been in the middle of a continent with no not a tree in sight not a hill in sight it is just I can understand that I get uncomfortable when there are no mountains around me when there are no trees around me I'm like I don't feel right like I love Florida I love visiting Florida it's too flat there's not enough going on like I can understand just being awestruck by the Great Plains I don't I agree I agree I also am a mountain girly I need my mountains but yeah and they're just like it is absolutely beautiful out here that was something that was really nice throughout their journey they really marveled at the beauty of nature I love that I do too I really love that and they discovered coyotes antelope buffalo and prairie dogs they were like obsessed with prairie dogs I actually caught one oh my god and they were able to send it back to Jefferson eventually alive yes it's a live-ass prairie dog yeah and on their journey they made contact with numerous Native American tribes and relations were pretty friendly they came prepared with all kinds of gifts for these tribes as they passed through they had peace medals which I think had Jefferson's face on them or something but they just handed them out as tokens of friendship okay they told the tribe they were now a part of the U.S. like by the way Jefferson just bought all this land and Louisiana purchased and now you're in the United States which is interesting because it's like was it whose was it to buy first anyway right like who it wasn't it was we're not going to get into it yeah no no it's fine and they they called Jefferson their great father like the the Lewis and Clark expedition told the the tribes that Jefferson was now their great father because he's president I guess I mean how are you going to explain like what the president seat is and like all that for someone you don't speak or a society that doesn't even have that structure in place exactly yeah yeah that's probably a fine way to describe to try to yeah and Lewis and Clark had a lot of promises that the native peoples would prosper and rule over their lands like that was the that the intention at the time was that like hey we'll leave y'all alone you're a part of this country but we want you guys to continue to prosper and we'll be best buddies one thing though is that they kept referring to the in like their speeches they recorded their speeches that they made they kept referring to the native peoples as children which I think is very infantilizing of like established societies like children you are not part of the this great nation and children you and I have no great father it's like it's a little infantilizing I don't really like that literally grown-ass people but you know there's more like people they're like my child bro I'm like 85 yeah so things are good until they encounter the Teton Sioux okay also known as the Lakota okay tribe so on on their way they camped with the Yankton Sioux and the Yankton Sioux they were very friendly we gave them gifts and stuff things were great we're like hey you're about to go into Teton Sioux territory and you need to be careful because they're very powerful and they will rob you oh so you know just be aware and they're like okay thanks for the thanks for the heads up they continue on their way on September 30th the the Corps of Discovery encounters three chiefs of the Lakota tribe Black Buffalo Buffalo Medicine and the Partisan which is terrifying to me the Partisan and 30 warriors along the the banks of the Missouri River so they're like hey guys we have gifts for you let's go and they're like we want more and they were trying to exploit them into giving more than they could afford like they're like we still have to get across this entire damn country like we can't give you everything that we have yeah and things were starting to turn aggressive things were getting things were getting a little scary so Clark at one point Clark and the Partisan were like arguing with each other by the boats and uh some some of the Lakota started grabbing the tow ropes of the boats to like take them while I think Lewis was on board the keel boat trying to steal Lewis I know Lewis um so Clark therefore pulled out his sword and then more warriors notched their arrows to their bows so things were very tense so Clark was like we have to continue on our journey and part the Partisan was like uh no you won't if you try I will kill you so things were very tense until Black Buffalo intervened and was able to neutralize the tensions he was like hey if the women and children of our tribe can come check out your boats we'll let y'all leave and they're like okay that's such a weird direction to go I know I mean it worked so I don't know and they ended up staying there for another three days and the entire time the situation that no one liked this like everyone was like but eventually they were able to leave the Lakota without incident and entered what is now North Dakota in about October okay and Clark estimated they had traveled about 1600 miles at this point wow between May and October it's crazy right about six months into their journey they were reaching the last area on their map like I said everything past this point was completely unknown and they wanted to have a safe place to wait out the winter so they traveled to the Mandan village which it's on the Missouri River it's home to the Mandan tribe and the Hidatsa tribe about 4500 people lived in this area which was more than the population of the people who lived in Washington DC like this is a city wow a huge population of people this was also made our trading center for Europeans in the area and other Native American tribes and as they were coming in the Mandans were like welcome to our home you are welcome and they let them build a fort across the river Fort Mandan so they were they're like okay like we're going to wait out the winter here like we're in the Midwest Midwest gets like crazy cold yes they recorded temperatures as low as 45 below zero it was cold they're they're shackleting it right now that is too cold but on the plus side like they had an entire community that like knew how to survive yes and the Mandans would come and trade with them one of the crew had a fiddle and like there's one story of how the the Mandans would come over and he would play his fiddle and then the Americans would dance for the Mandans and then the Mandans would dance for the Americans and it was just very friendly cool and well I thought this was interesting is that the Mandans were extremely fascinated by and greatly respected York oh like they were um the historians were talking about accounts where they would try to rub dirt on his skin to try to like like clean it I guess oh but like he has dark skin yeah so it and they were like wow this is amazing like this man must be a person of great power right so they're like this guy's cool as shit and he was like there's like a painting I saw where he's like like hands on his fist and he's like smiling as they're like marveling over his body he's like you know what I am the shit yeah which was really interesting and in January of 1805 the Mandans invited the expedition to participate in a sacred ceremony meant to call the buffalo back to the area because food stores were starting to run out yeah and it worked because two days later buffalo came back to the area and they like hunted the shit out of those buffalo so they had they had food and they had nice skin for uh warmth and stuff so yeah and while they were camped out here Lewis did his medical treatments and stuff and he did his best if you want to call it that he is not a doctor let's establish this he was not a doctor but he did do his best I don't think the doctor that taught him was a doctor yeah I'm very much like he was super super popular but I'm very much questioning his medical credentials yeah but at one point Lewis had to amputate a boy's toes because they were frostbitten without any anesthetic or surgical equipment yeah oh no that's good oh no and some of the crew had contracted venereal diseases while camped out at Fort Mandan uh which were treated with mercury that's not gonna help like Lewis would literally like smear mercury all over their um no their private areas oh they're gonna get mad hatter's disease and in February of 20 2025 1805 next year the future in the future in 1805 he was asked to come to the home of a young Shoshone woman who was having difficulty delivering her baby this is where they meet Sacagawea cool okay yeah so we grew up hearing the name Sacagawea yeah the historians in the documentary said there's multiple ways to pronounce her name no one knows for sure but the historians kept saying Sacagawea so that's how I'm going to pronounce the name because that's what actual equipped people said yes so she at this time she at this time she was about 16 years old she was one of the wives of Toussaint Charbonneau who is a French Canadian fur trader okay about five years prior or four to five years prior she had been captured by the Hidatsa's when she was about 12 and was sold to Charbonneau do yeah but her tribe her home tribe of the Shoshone Native Americans lived near the source of the Missouri River and the Corps of Discovery were like hey she knows that area like she could help us like get to yeah the the head of the Missouri and help us navigate to find the Columbia River like she could be super useful and like interpret for us like when we get there and her husband was actually Charbonneau was actually an interpreter too but it was between I'll get into it later but the the way that they had to translate things were a little complicated because Charbonneau spoke French yeah and Hidatsa and I was it he didn't speak English but they had a few French men on their team so Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau knowing that Sacagawea would come with him and they're like okay like we've got a package deal yeah so that was their plan meanwhile Spain had learned about this expedition across North America right and they're like fuck they're the United States is planning to invade Mexico and other Spanish territory yeah so because again like Mexico extended all the way up to like California to the Rocky Mountains like it was huge yeah almost up to Oregon like massive massive territory so Spain spent sent a platoon of soldiers and Comanche warriors to catch the expedition who was like no one knew not even Jefferson knew this was going on yeah but they missed the Corps by about a month they were a month too late so they came back and like okay we'll try again when they come back because we don't know where they are no it's all they have GPS they didn't even know yeah oh my god uh new and also meanwhile so it's starting to get into the warmer months of 1805 the remember the Lakota they didn't leave on the best of terms and there was news of an impending Lakota attack making its way towards Fort Mandan okay but Lewis and Clark were already planning on continuing on their way they asked the Mandan chief what to expect like okay what what are some things that we can keep a lookout for to make sure on the right path and the Mandan chief said that there is going to be a waterfall and mountains okay so like oh okay cool so the waterfall will probably take us a couple hours to get around and then the mountains would probably take a couple days oh no because they're used to the Appalachian mountains oh no in the east those are the only mountains they've ever seen in their entire life oh no dun dun dun the Rockies yeah they had no clue that they were about to come across the Rocky Mountains so they were like oh this will be easy we'll make it to the Pacific Ocean and back in like less than six months like easy peasy the and honestly like most of the journey to this point has been relatively easy like they did lose someone to appendicitis but like it was fine they had plenty of food plenty of whiskey like they were good so they're in April of 1805 they're getting ready to leave 12 men were sent back with all the specimens they had collected up to this point journals samples maps and a letter on behalf of the remaining men who are about to venture into unknown territory okay it was like a the remaining crew sends our love to our families and we hope you wish us well yes in our because there wasn't like back and forth communication between the expedition and they've had a year of radio silence from this crew yeah yeah so this is going to be the first contact made to the United States from the expedition with this return trip so they left in a few canoes and dugouts which I think are just like smaller canoes there's 33 members total including Sacagawea who had her infant son with her because remember she just had a baby his name was Jean Baptiste and they call the crew called him little pomp little pom little pomp pomp like pomp and circumstance I know you know what like she is integrated right with the crew she while like the rest of the crew was like hunting or collecting specimens or doing whatever she was foraging for food and she honestly provided a comforting presence to the crew they're like well we have like now we have a woman with us like she knows what she's doing they they needed a female presence and by all accounts nothing happened to her yes they have to act like gentlemen because there's a lady around right yes and a baby yes and it was just like she fit in really well with that even though they couldn't really communicate because she only spoke Mandan and maybe Hidatsa it was just that she was a good presence so one day apparently this was mentioned in the documentary Charbonneau lost control of his canoe it almost lost like supplies and journals and scientific instruments but Sacagawea was like super chill and she was able to save like everything including Lewis and Clark's journals wow I know I got this quote from the documentary and it's from Lewis in his journal yeah quote Charbonneau was a man of no particular merit but Sacagawea was as brave as anyone on the expedition it's like we literally could leave the husband but can we have her we love her can he fuck off he's literally a nuisance yeah so now like they're going through um let me see the map they're so they're past Fort Mandan and they're it's very lush here lots of little tributaries and Lewis and Clark are like naming landmarks and creeks and rivers and they're like every every crew member got a creek named after them and then they started moving on like people they knew like oh this is this creek and this creek and this creek and this river and this river because it's just branching yeah all over and as they're entering Montana they start seeing enormous bear tracks and the Hidatsas had warned them of an enormous bear that they needed to keep track like keep a lookout for these were grizzly bears they're not the little black bears that we have no grizzly bears do be grizzly they're they need to be grizzly they be grizzling so Lewis and another crew member shot and killed a grizzly and we're like oh this is easy no worries after about their third encounter with the grizzly bear they're like this is less fun because it took about 8 to 12 shots to take down a grizzly bear like they were shooting them in the head and the the lungs and like they were still going they're they're emu level bulletproof they go down hard they honestly it takes the same amount of bullets per for emu and grizzly bear i don't know why that's knowledge i have now but okay but now we have it if you think you knew anna grizzly just just go ahead and just lay down honestly like you're gonna die you're gone yeah uh moving on into may of 1805 they started noticing the air starting to get a little drier yeah like no humidity left in the air and they're starting to get more of a desert climate okay which again they've never encountered before there's no desert in the eastern united states yeah and they started seeing mountains for the first time like way in the distance they're like oh there's mountains and he traveled for days and days and days and they're like these mountains are not getting closer oh my god what's happening because the the rockies are very big they're like you don't even have words for how enormous and vast the rockies are they were i'll get into in a second yeah about just how crazy the mountains were to them so as they're traveling through missouri they encountered the sandstone bluffs and like this is really cool they described it as an ancient city and on june 2nd they encountered a fork in the river and they're like shit where do we go which way do we take yeah there there's two options so the crew was saying let's take the like the missouri up to this point had been muddy and slow so we should take the fork that is still muddy and slow because that's the missouri river but lewis and clark were like no we're trying to travel west and west is where those mountains are so we need to be going towards water that's cold and fast because that's mountain water we need to go that way but they weren't lewis and clark were not like tyrants they were the captains of the expedition but they were like we trust our men they're like our family so we're going to scout both options okay so they each went 40 minutes or 40 miles down the rivers and lewis and clark were still like we think it's the fast and slow the fast and clear river and the men were still like we still think it's the the slow and muddy river we think that's missouri but we trust you guys so we're going to go with your decision okay like unanimously all the men were like we trust you too wow so they went uh i think it was the south fork that they took the left fork which i think was to the south they were like okay we just have to make sure we find the waterfall that the the hadatsas and the mandents had told us about if we find this waterfall we know that we went the right way yeah because we're screwed if we don't find this waterfall so lewis like goes out on foot to try to find these waterfalls and he found them it was the right way oh my gosh i know right so lewis sent word back to clark to bring forward the rest of the expedition and when they got there they're like this isn't just one little waterfall we've got to make a way around there were waterfall after waterfall after waterfall after waterfall and they can't just like sail these boats down no waterfall they have to pick up the boats and go over land with them and this is desert that they're in now oh no so these poor men are having to like they built like some impromptu carts and they're having to drag all these canoes over prickly pears wearing moccasins so they're like their feet are getting stabbed every day the men are so exhausted they're literally like passing out they had to trek 18 and a half miles in the summer sun while hauling in the desert all of their canoes and supplies in the desert oh my god on top of cactus which was everywhere there's no avoiding the cactus oh my god yeah they were literally having to make new shoes every two days because they were just getting shredded so yeah it was hell it was it was hell uh storms were really bad too uh they were very sudden and violent actually clark charbonneau sacagawaya and jonathan peace all almost drowned in a flash flood oh my god they were okay and at one point there was hail and some of the men were almost killed by the hail it was it was just it was so bad it was so bad and they only had tents like they didn't have like like metal shelters they had tents and at one point sacagawaya became super sick oh no she like no one really know what to do lewis tried bleeding her that didn't work uh he gave her opium that didn't really work but then he had her drink from a sulfur spring that they found yeah and she got better so great weird but all right we're rolling with yeah i don't and i don't know what was wrong um i don't know but sulfur i think can be used as an antibiotic okay uh because i know i have a sulfur allergy and i think some antibiotics have sulfur in them so i don't know you had a sulfur allergy it's i only bring it up in medical history yeah that's just i didn't even think about that being a thing that you could be allergic to i mean either i and honestly i don't even know if i'm still allergic to it but i was when i was a baby and i'm like i don't need to risk it anyway so remember when lewis and clark were planning this like of the journey and they're like oh we'll just be over the waterfalls in a few hours like half a day it took them a month to get around these waterfalls oh my god a month to get around the whole ass month to haul their canoes or because let me see i don't know if you can see it it may be too far away yeah it's too far away but like a closer up view of the the map around this area the river is just going back and forth and back and forth and back and forth around like miles and miles of waterfalls everywhere so yeah it took them a month i've seen between three to five weeks wow but on july 4th the crew celebrated independence day with a fiddle and drink and finish the rest of the whiskey oh the lewis and clark were like y'all deserve this y'all need a little fun yeah but lewis and clark were super anxious they were like this was hell we still have these fucking mountains to get we haven't even gotten to yet no they still haven't got even gotten to the mountains oh my god they're not even close to the mountains uh it's yeah i know this is a very stressful journey just know like spoiler it turns out okay in the end thank god yeah so they're like all right guys like let's keep going and at this point like we've talked about the crew we're like family yeah so then at this point i mean they survived hell together so they're like yeah let's keep going like we're getting closer and closer to our goal let's keep going so they eventually were able to get back onto the missouri river but now the river is turning south and they're like we can't go south that's not that's the wrong way yeah so clark york and a few other men went overland to try to find the shoshone tribe which is the tribe that chicago way it belongs yeah because they're like if we can find the shoshone tribe they can give us horses and then we can use those horses to get over the mountains that was their goal like they had to get horses they could not traverse the mountains on foot and like the year's still going by yeah like it's summer now but like winter's coming it's going to be winter yeah winter is coming yes and but like they can't find the shoshone's and now they're around what's modern day helena montana okay and the river divided into three tributaries which they named the gallatin the madison and the jefferson gallatin and madison were the secretaries of like i think gallatin was like secretary of treasury madison was secretary of state and then jefferson and the jefferson pointed west so they went to the west okay and as they're going the water is getting more and more shallow because they're getting more into like the source water yeah of the river and they're having to pull the canoes by hand and at this point it's late july and early august and it is hot yeah it is hot hot hot and they're coming up to the mountain so they can see there's snow on the peaks of the mountains and they're like what the fuck is this shit what the hell again they've never seen anything like that yeah because the appalachian mountains are not that hot no they're too old they're old old old old and they're they're not like the rockies like at all so they're like these have to be ridiculous mountains if it is like 150 degrees down here and dry no humidity at all and there's fucking snow on the top of the mountains like that's ridiculous and now at this point everything is going wrong canoe canoes are getting overturned the tow ropes are snapping uh one of the crew was almost killed by a canoe that like like the tow line got oh and the water was dividing into smaller and smaller streams that were impossible to traverse using a canoe they're basically i think walking through a marshland at this point because again they're getting closer to the source water yeah of the river yeah and they had no load-bearing animals no horses no donkeys not a cow to be seen it was just them not a single ass not a single ass they were having to pull it by hand and again they're they're like we have to find the shishonis yeah but they're they're starting to get really frustrated they're starting to lose hope but Chicago way I was like I recognize that that mountain right there we used to call that beaver head I know that mountain so they're like oh my god okay oh she started to recognize landmarks okay we're we have to be getting close to to the shishonis and it invigorated them let's keep going so this time Lewis said like he set out on foot again to try to find the shishoni tribes and three days after setting out he saw a native american on horseback and he was like oh my god oh my god oh my god I found a shishoni scout so he like lays down his gun and he's yelling what he thought was friend in the shishoni language oh no but when he had asked the kakawaya like what to say she misunderstood what he meant because again they're yeah like they're having to translate multiple different languages and she doesn't speak english and they don't have a friend for white yeah man in their language because by all accounts they've never encountered white people before to develop a word for that and so what he thought was friend was actually stranger so he's like wailing his arms yelling stranger at this guy who's seeing a white man for probably the first time in his life and the guy's like uh no thank you and he turns around and rides off on his yeah he's like uh yes you are strange yeah and lewis like literally is like no like falls into despair like he is like no so on august 12th the group is traveling oh on august 12th the the group that had traveled from fort mandan yeah makes its way to dc okay arrives india and on that same day the core of discovery is making their way on an quote indian trail that would hopefully lead them to a shishoni village right they're like okay we think this is a trail that's used for like navigating this land hopefully this will lead us to a village and they end up finding a fountain that's the source of the missouri river which i think was pretty cool yeah and they are starting to get closer to the continental divide and the thing about the continental divide is that water rivers flowing on the like the right side if you're facing it i guess of the continental divide flow east towards the atlantic ocean water on the other side of the continental divide flows west towards the pacific ocean that's how you know it's a continental divide so they're they're going up this hill and lewis is like by george we've done it we found the continental divide we're here we were almost to the pacific ocean we're gonna we're gonna get there soon no and he walks up this hill and he sees more mountains and he's like mother fucker no sign of the columbia river no sign of anything that can use to just like make their way oh no yeah and he's like he's finally coming to the conclusion he's like there's no northwest passage there's no waterway that takes you from the mississippi to the pacific ocean there's just not 100 is not there's not we we wouldn't have had to build a panama canal if there was exactly so now the crew is like okay we really have to find horses now because we still have to get through all these fucking mountains yeah so lewis and clark separated clark went ahead with most of the men to start moving towards the west so clark was like we'll just go ahead and start moving we'll see where we get okay okay we're just going to keep going on and lewis is going to take a few men with him and try to find the shishonis yet again and they've they finally encounter three shishoni women who are like gathering yeah herbs and stuff and they're like oh my god oh my god oh my god and they're like giving them gifts and paint and they're like please don't run away yeah please don't just stay here just stay here please just stay here and suddenly like 60 warriors come up out of nowhere uh led by chief kameo eight who and that means the one who never walks okay which i thought is like super metal yeah does he always run does he right or he's always on his horse nice i like it uh and again like the shishoni had never encountered a white person before so they're like what is this but you know they're like hey we're cool they treated them with friendliness and warmth accepted them into yeah their their village and lewis like they use sign language a lot lewis is able to convey that they needed horses but kameo way it was like i think they're trying to spring a trap on us because they've conveyed that there's this small party here and there's a bigger party somewhere else and i don't know what's up with those guys so he was like hold i thought i want to see your main party i want to make sure this isn't a trap and so they traveled together to go to clark's party that were still trying to make their way west clark and the rest of his crew are making their way right and they finally find each other on august 17th and lewis and clark begin their negotiations for four horses so kagawa is asked to interpret for them yeah and when she saw kameo wait she realized that he was her brother she's been gone for like five or six years at that point right yeah oh god and now he's chief of the tribe and like the the documentary documentary described like she like fell apart and was like crying and hugging and kissing him and it was just a very very happy family reunion oh i know i'm very sweet but like the happy family reunion now it's down to business and the way that the translation worked because again like this it's a mess so sakagawa translated from shoshone to hidatsa shardano would translate from hidatsa to french and lavish would translate from french to english wow that's a fucked up game of telephone right there it really is but they were able to get shit done and they're able to negotiate and trade for horses okay and the shoshone would provide a guide to get them over the the mountain okay which in this area it's the bitter root mountains the next day was lewis's 31st birthday apparently on august 18th and like he wrote in his journal he's like i don't think i've done enough like the most imposter syndrome i don't think i've done enough you're in the wilderness exploring new lands negotiating with tribes and sir i know oh that's the part i know so they were presented with a choice okay uh lewis and clark were about how to move forward and westward so they could either go south into the plains but there would be very little food or water or they could go north into the mountains and the guide said that he could get them to a river within 10 days okay and they were like this has to be the columbia river so like let's go the 10 day route with more food and water please yes thanks so on august 31st the expedition continued its journey they had 29 horses one mule and an elderly guide they called old toby old toby old toby he seems like the cutest guy ever i know he was like an elderly shoshone man that was like all right let's go up the mountain i'm old toby i'm old toby so i they learned that as they continued through the mountains you're gonna okay so i'm gonna pull up this map okay okay so i want you to see and you i'm gonna zoom in a little bit okay so you see as they're getting um the red line as they're getting into oregon country on the map yes you see how like they're they're going and there's like this big u-shape yeah so this is the detour that they took to get around all those waterfalls what yeah but you see where it kind of like goes back up yeah this little mound apparently this little mound um where the the shoshone's were it was a four-day walk to the great falls they took a month-long uh detour around the falls when the shoshone tribe was four days away from the great falls that they had just gone like a different way oh my god yeah they were not happy to learn about that yeah they were a little pissed off which i mean like they didn't know how would they didn't have a map they had no idea what they were doing and honestly like the fact that they made it as far as they did yeah super hella impressive so but yeah they were not but now they knew like on their way back they knew like okay we can get to the great falls in four days instead of a month this time so now it's starting to become september and september's bringing in colder weather as expeditions crossing the blackfoot mountains and they're already starting to run low on food and they actually had to kill a colt for food oh because the hunting was just not sufficient enough to feed over 30 people yeah at this point so do you remember how the shoshone said it would take like 10 days to cross the mountains oh no poor old toby got lost not toby like they all got lost not old he lost track of the trail and they ended up spending two days wandering the mountainsides oh my god because they had no idea what they were going in some areas were so steep the horses fell backwards they were fine like it doesn't gotta be steep it's steep as shit and it started snowing oh of course it started snowing which made it even harder to keep track of the trail oh no it they were cold they were hungry they literally had to resort to eating candles at some points yeah because they had no food and like but i also want to consider like these are men that have consistently had food every day all day for their entire lives yeah they could not go like a couple days without food neither could i like chicago me same me neither but the documentary pointed out like chicago issues like y'all are babies yeah i'm literally like i'm literally keeping an infant alive and i don't have enough food it's it's fine you're fine like it'll be okay so they they actually did make it through in 11 days okay which is pretty close to the proposed outcome they traveled 165 miles through the mountains in 11 day in the snow yeah what crazy so my next section is called straight sailing from here okay they cross the mountains and they see the clear water river yes and the nez perce tribe or the nez perce refer to themselves as nimipoo which is their language for the people so i'm actually going to refer to them as the nimipoo tribe because that's the name they gave themselves okay but the documentary called them nez perce and this is at the idaho and montana border ish so the expedition they were the first white people the nimipoo had ever encountered and one of the chiefs twisted hair decided they were like him and his council of elders like okay what do we do with these white strangers yeah and they're like let's kill them all and steal all their stuff and there was a woman named what kuise who had actually been stolen from her tribe so lived at like lived as slave and was sold to white men she did manage to return home and i think what kuise means the one who returns oh okay but she was like hey when i was like with white people they treated me super nice and kind so maybe don't kill them all and i like okay that's all it took yeah and then the the expedition came in and they're like welcome to our village and here's food and like you'll be safe here wow yeah go walk kuise and most the diet of the nimipoo tribe were like salmon and carnus roots or kinus roots sorry sorry lots of roots and this diet did not was not good for the the men it just didn't they've been eating like red meat their entire lives and now they're eating fish and roots yeah it it made them all very sick yeah this is very very sick clark wrote that he and luce ate a root soup that quote filled us with so full fulfilled us so full of wind that we were scarcely able to breathe all night so i assume that means they had really really bad gas but they're also bloated as fuck they had to fart so bad they couldn't bury they have never had so much fiber in their lives they're out of the laxatives the thunder clap or whatever they called it the thunderbolt but it was really bad like the men like they like gorged themselves on the roots and stuff because they hadn't had yeah good food in days and they got violently ill they were puking they had diarrhea some came down with dysentery like it was really bad and they begged the captains to kill one of the horses to eat which they did agree to okay well and that like settled their i hate fiberless tummies settled their tum-tums i yeah i hate that they had to do that um but like the shackleton episode i understand the need for survival yes i do too so the expedition stayed with the nemethu tribe for about two weeks building up their strength from the the 10 days in the mountains the nemethu said they could take the clear water river all the way to the ocean which i think they like they took the clear water river to the columbia river okay but they had to make new canoes because they they didn't take the canoes with them over the mountains no there'd be no way there's no way they never would have made it so um they nemethu and twisted hair actually taught them a new method of making canoes by like burning out the inside instead of like chiseling yeah very smart so they're off in their new canoes and they're with the river's current for the first time since they left st louis bless them i know so oh i see they went on the clear water river and then the snake river okay um and i think from there they're able to get to the columbia river on october 16th which is right on the border of eastern oregon and washington okay and they're making great time now they're with the current they're flying but it's unfortunate because at this time like they're traveling through and it's still kind of a desert climate like there's little game for hunting there's little food like wood for fires um so they were buying food from tribes as they made their journey down the columbia and this is this is really sad this is a little trigger warning okay for food choices so the documentary makes the point that the columbia river was lousy with salmon there were piles of salmon everywhere so they had plenty of food to eat but they didn't want salmon they wanted red meat so they bought dogs from the tribe oh to eat instead which is really sad i literally put a frowny face i hate that i do too like they literally had so much free salmon they could eat but they're like we don't want fish we want meat i guess oh yeah so finally the expedition made it to mount hood which had been named eight years earlier by a ship that had sailed in from the pacific ocean yeah so the men were like we're getting closer to the pacific ocean they're like they were frantic at this point they're like we've got to get there we're almost done and they're getting back to mapped territory yes because the the western coast had been mapped by traders and all that stuff it was just in between right no one had ever gone through so and like they're going through rapids and cascades and the documentary said that native peoples would like gather around like bends and stuff along the river to like wait for the canoes to capsize and they'd like collect all the stuff not a single canoe overturned at all they were i just imagine the deadly focus of them like keeping their canoes up right as they travel through like white water rapids good for them oh yeah that's impressive i i agree and at this point they're 200 miles from the ocean they're so close oh they're so close and they're there was a period where they were talking about going through the columbia river gorge and there's this transition between the desert climate and rainforest yeah because the pacific northwest is rain forest like it's a legitimate one yeah and so it's like one side of the river is desert and then they're going into just constant rain so that's weird and they're they're going and going and going and they're noticing like the native tribes had houses made of wood clothing made of wood and they had american and european goods like they had hats and stuff like that so like okay there's trade here like we're getting closer we're getting closer and on november 7th 1805 they set out on an incredibly foggy morning so foggy they could barely see in front of them but they're like okay there's tidal waters like we're starting to notice tidal waters we're starting to smell the salt the water's getting salty we're getting close and as they continued the fog lifted and the core of discovery finally laid their eyes on the pacific ocean success no it wasn't they thought it was the pacific ocean it wasn't no they're in a bay a bay 25 miles out from the ocean oh damn they were so close it's suddenly a gigantic storm hit no and they were stuck in this one spot for like a week oh my god literally it was so wet and the storm was so bad their clothes were falling off of them like rotting away their shelters were basically gone like they're having to hide under rocks like it was so miserable oh my god and it's november but they they managed to survive and they managed to keep going and on november 18th 1805 clark traveled to the top of a big hill and there he saw legitimately the pacific finally they finally made it and that's where we're going to stop for part one surprise the suspense what's going to happen now that they've reached the pacific ocean oh time to turn around yep well not quite but essentially after a little while yes right so yeah um we're going to stop there for part one and we'll see you next week for part two where you get to learn about all the shenanigans that happens after i'm so excited yes i can't wait yay yay so uh thanks for listening and oh socials oh yeah we have those the brain uh gmail ill-equipped history at gmail.com no spaces or dashes facebook face no ill-equipped history no podcast group and page oh my god that was y'all the brain mush is so real right now okay instagram at illiquid history i got that one tick tock at illiquid history and patreon patreon.com slash illiquid history award for five dollars a month you get our bonus episodes you know you would think that i would actually like write this down and go in some form of order but i know i don't know i don't know and i never want you to okay good i never will then we will just continue to freak out about it every week like uh uh what what are our uh social media things what's a book face i don't know what's vine i called i called it a tiki talk earlier today and lou was like what the fuck are you talking about she said how old are you tiki tiki talk talk yeah where we share memes i swear in high school i got like in an argument with someone once they're like it's spelled mimi and i'm like there's a ton of things that are spelled the way they're not pronounced like come on it's meme meme yeah that was a really deep cut joke i'm proud of that one i'm very proud of you too very proud of you too well yeah i'm trying to think of like a send-off um if uh if you're traveling in uncharted land maybe don't drink all the whiskey at one time yeah make sure drink it all at one time so then you don't have to carry it there you go that's an option yeah i think it's a good idea to have gifts for people you never know who you're going to run into and then you have a gift to give you can make friends and be best buddies and they'll help you god i got so much help from native tribes like on their way they really did they would not have made it that far oh no not not not at all they would be like somewhere in the tundra in canada they didn't have native tribes telling them where to go yeah they couldn't even make it over the rockies you know no no they would have died in the rockies yeah for sure if they had made it that far it would have been over yeah in the rockies yeah yeah of course so way to go native people that know the land and know what they're doing yeah you literally saved lewis and clark and all those other people yes yeah all right well we'll see y'all next week okay bye