AUD-20231022-WA0075

PRABHUPĀDA Good morning. I hope you are taking it seriously. I have three questions to cover. How do you feel to show love? I am asking pretty seriously because I have been running and we are, let's say, we have started from the very beginning, which means earlier we didn't have time to do, let's say, things. We may say, let's say, the questions are understandable. So let's briefly start with our introduction to this course concerning one study, and in more general terms, one study, English. It's a good job. Maybe I talk for the music. I am doing music for the study. Question in English. Hmm? PRABHUPĀDA So just one moment. I should hear. Question in English. PRABHUPĀDA There are five things in my… PRABHUPĀDA So he said, why, let's say, we are interested in linguistics and also in the study of language. I put a question and, of course, he said, what is linguistics, and some people were saying, some say that it's the science of language, some say it is the scientific study of language, and we make a difference between science and the objective, scientific. And we say science, we are in front of a puzzle, in front of, let's say, a definition of science that would not use the theme of language. Since we make a distinction between true science, or exact science, and non-exact science. Suppose, for example, the faculty, we are talking about the faculty of human sciences. But when you go, for example, to the other faculty, you'll find, they don't study language, but they study physics, chemistry, medicine, etc. So these are, let's say, two sciences. Everything starts with the question, hypothesis, let's say, verification. So we say, for example, as I said, in mathematics, in mathematics, it's true science to say an exact science. We can start 1 plus 1, 2, and we could justify why 1 plus 1 equals 2. We could justify why physics, yes? Ah, yes. Yes. Yes. So, what I'm saying is that in exact science, the results could be justified, could be verified. We can think of, for example, physics. If I say that, well, this will boil, water will boil at 100 degrees Celsius, I could say they experimented. I go and make fire and put water and test the degree of temperature. So we see that at 100 degrees, water will start boiling. But language, how can we justify our results? How can we justify the language in, let's say, flight science, in the scientific topic? Briefly, this is a very important issue for the philosophers of language and linguistics. But the point we are after is not that. We are with the second definition, which is that linguistics is the scientific study of language, that is, we study language scientifically. But this doesn't mean that it is a science. When you are talking with each other, you are arguing, you are, let's say, putting examples and counter-examples, arguments, and say, well, let's be scientific. Do you say that? That's what you may call ilmi. Is that really ilmi? Is that ilmi? It's rather more logical to say that we have to follow a certain logic. One of the most important things for us in production to stress on, is the topic of study, that is, language itself. When we want to study something, we need to know what that thing is. We are studying phonology, we are studying semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, syntax, etc. But what is the object? We say language. What is language? This is the most important, let's say, and the most philosophical question that we can put to any, let's say, categories of scientists, or linguists, or whoever, to, let's say, to discuss. When you say, what is language? Of course, I said to your friend that when you want to define, or to study a subject, to study a topic, you have different angles from which you can see the topic. When, for example, I am sitting here, I see your faces. But if I am sitting at the back, I will see your back, I can't see your face. So this thing, let's say, the division of certain objects depends on the angle, on the position in which we are. In this position, we will see the students differently from the back position. If I go to the side position, I will see only your profile, I mean, I will see just this part. If I am at the other side, I will see only this side. So the topic of study in itself is there, is independent, but our vision, our view of that object will differ. For example, if you take phonology. Phonology studies language as what? Phonology and phonetics. It is like, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't So for example we have let's say language. This is the languages, let's say, I will not say independent from us, but as an independent object of telling. So the phonologies are altered. For example, phonicians will see language as a system of sounds. Sounds. What is language? Language is a system of sounds, a pattern of sounds, or sounds that are attached to each other to form sounds. To form words, and to form sentences, and to form discourses. Now, what are you hearing? I have to use it in German. I have to use it in English. But all that you figure out from my language is the sounds that I have brought into it. This is true. Language is a system of sounds that are combined in a particular way depending on, let's say, on the system governing that language. For example, in Arabic, the way we combine sounds may be different from, let's say, the way we combine sounds. Spanish, English, Chinese, Vietnamese, all languages use sounds. And if you, for example, consider these sounds within the language, you will find that they are very limited. Let's say, I'm not talking about alphabets. Alphabets for writing. I'm talking about the speech sounds that we produce. And we make meaningful units, meaningful units of discourse, like words, like sentences, and larger units of discourse. So you have a very limited number that may vary, for example, from, let's say, some languages may have approximately, I'm not certain, from 30 up to 50 speech sounds. All the world, I'm not talking about Arabic. I'm talking about Arabic, French, English. This is limited numbers of sounds that are at the basis of any language that we are using. This means that I'm not talking about a particular language. I'm talking about the human language. Once we say human language, we have another type of language, animal, non-human language. Let's concentrate first on human language as a system of sounds. If we go to, let's say, the semantics, semantics, that is, a person who is interested in the meaning of words, in the meaning of sentences, language is a set of meanings. Semantics, we see language as meaning. If we look at, let's say, the morphology, morphology, we think of language as a set of morphemes. If you know morphemes, morphemes, we have different types of morphemes. We may have three morphemes, we may have five morphemes, ten morphemes, thousand morphemes, we may think of three morphemes and thousand morphemes. These are the two general categories in morphology. In semantics, we think of the meaning of words, or the meaning of these morphemes, and also the meaning of sentences. We could make also the syntactician think that, think that you look at language as structure, as a grammatical structure. Let's say, the grammatical aspect. Now, briefly, you can see that these are different views, are different angles from which we look at language. We assume that language is there. If I look at this, I look like a bird, it's an eye, it's beautiful. But when you go the other side, that eye, no, he is not or she is not beautiful, she has a problem or he has a problem with a scar. But at the best eye, at the best, oh no, it's something quite different. The other side, eye, there is no scar, no problem. So, this is how I'm trying to simplify things for you, to say that it depends on the point of view from which we, let's say, study or look or view the topic that we are dealing with. Thinking of, as I said last week, one of the linguists, the sociologist, he said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. He said that it is the point of view which creates the object, not the object which creates the point of view. Isn't it? When we are dealing with language, it's not an easy matter. It's not something easy to settle down. For example, as I said, one of the basic questions that are asked in linguistics is, what is language? And of course we cannot have a multiplicity of, let's say, of all these points of views, because if we follow points of views, we are not going to finish. I mean, every year, every century, there will be new points of views and new ideas. But we need to understand what the language is before we start. What do you mean by that? What do you mean by that? He is a master of his own nation. He is a head of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a head of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. He is a master of his own nation. Can you love someone without using language? You can say, yes, you can love someone without that person that you love him. But how could you get that without language? Because you could see what the artist is doing. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 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